Creating a Vending Machine with Lego Mindstorm :: Robotics

Creating a Vending Machine with Lego MindstormAbstractVending machines oblige come a long way, since their introduction to human societythousands of years ago. Although the basic concept of a vending machine has notchanged, modern twenty-four hours technology has significantly enhanced them. Our vending machineis no different. Although our vending machine is not top of the line, it is also not such a questioning one either. We started out with building the five main components of a vendingmachine the dispenser, trough, selection device, and payment reader entirely out ofLEGOs. We decided on a door like dispenser and buttons as a selection device. Thepayment we decided to accept were barcodes. The solely component that was actuallygiving us bustle was the dispenser. Our first dispenser design was severely flawed.After coming up with a door like mechanism, the dispenser was easily fixed. Althoughwe did prove our hypothesis to be correct, there atomic number 18 still many improvemen ts that wecould make such as improving the design to make it easier to maintain.QuestionIs it possible to create an operational candy machine with only LEGOs?PurposeTo build a candy machine that is capable of Reading a barcode Detecting if it is a fake or not Sending a signal to the other RCX to allow to user to1) Select the candy2) While making sure that the machine remains stationaryBackgroundThe History of Counterfeiting the US CurrencyThe counterfeiting of money is one of the oldest crimes in history. Therefore Ineeded to find out the ways I could use a LEGO RCX to recognize a correct billand reject it if it is fake.The HistoryDuring the American Revolution, the British counterfeited U.S. currency in suchlarge amounts that the Continental currency soon became worthyless. Not worth aContinental became a popular expression that is still heard today.During the Civil War, one-third to one-half of the currency in circulation wascounterfeit. At that time, approximately 1,600 reci te banks designed and printedtheir own bills. Each bill carried a different design, making it difficult to detectcounterfeit bills from the 7,000 varieties of real bills.A national currency was follow in 1862 to resolve the counterfeiting problem.However, the national currency was soon counterfeited and circulated soextensively that it became necessary to take enforcement measures. Therefore, onJuly 5, 1865, the United States Secret Service was established to bottle up thewide-spread counterfeiting of this nations currency.Although the counterfeiting of money was substantially suppressed after theestablishment of the Secret Service, this crime still represents a potential dangerto the Nations economy.

Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay -- Teaching Teachers Education Ess

Teaching school of thought StatementA teacher affects eternity he bathroom n ever tell where his influence stops (Henry B. Adams). I standt remember when I decided that I call fored to gravel a teacher. I didnt just wake up angiotensin converting enzyme sunup and think to myself I wish to be a teacher, it just seems that I always knew that I would teach. Both of my parents are teachers but they actually tried to convey me to go into a contrasting profession. Even though I was warned about the disadvantages of beingness a teacher, I knew I wanted to become a teacher.As a peasant one of my favorite games to play was school. I could play school for hours whether I was teaching my little sisters or a classroom of stuffed animals. I think that I love playing school because I respected my teachers so much. I thought that my Elementary school teachers were the smartest people in the world. I loved pretending to be the teachers that I looked up to and admired.As I grew older I knew that I wanted to be an elementary school teacher because I wanted to take with tiddlerren. I knew that I wanted to be a part of the enthusiasm that young children choose for school and I wanted to someday be satisfactory to provide the knowledge for my students hunger to learn. I knew that teaching and helping children would be the most rewarding job that I could ever have. I want to be a teacher because I think that I crowd out make a difference in a childs life. I want to be able to make a shy child feel safe in my classroom. With patience I can help a slake child feel smart. I can help neglected or underprivileged children feel special. The satisfaction of making an worried or troubled child smile is one of the most important reasons that have helped me decide to become a teacher. I... ...s degree in reading. I would also like to become nationally certified through the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. I will use my past and point experiences to be the best mathematical educator that I can be. Although summer vacation and holidays off are good incentives for me to want to become a teacher, being an important figure in a childs life is all of the inspiration that I need. I know that being a teacher is not a exciting job but to me it is the most important position a person can fill. I have the want and longing to become the best teacher that I can possibly be and I am will to work my hardest and give it my best effort. If I can have a haughty affect on the life of at least one child than I will feel that I have accomplished my goal. What sculpture does to a block of marble, education is to an human soul (Joseph Addison). Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay -- Teaching Teachers Education Ess Teaching Philosophy StatementA teacher affects eternity he can never tell where his influence stops (Henry B. Adams). I cant remember when I decided that I wanted to become a teacher. I didnt just wake up one morning and think to myself I want to be a teacher, it just seems that I always knew that I would teach. Both of my parents are teachers but they actually tried to persuade me to go into a different profession. Even though I was warned about the disadvantages of being a teacher, I knew I wanted to become a teacher.As a child one of my favorite games to play was school. I could play school for hours whether I was teaching my little sisters or a classroom of stuffed animals. I think that I loved playing school because I respected my teachers so much. I thought that my Elementary school teachers were the smartest people in the world. I loved pretending to be the teachers that I looked up to and admired.As I grew older I knew that I wanted to be an elementary school teacher because I wanted to work with children. I knew that I wanted to be a part of the enthusiasm that young children have for school and I wanted to someday be able to provide the knowledge for my stud ents hunger to learn. I knew that teaching and helping children would be the most rewarding job that I could ever have. I want to be a teacher because I think that I can make a difference in a childs life. I want to be able to make a shy child feel safe in my classroom. With patience I can help a slow child feel smart. I can help neglected or underprivileged children feel special. The satisfaction of making an unhappy or troubled child smile is one of the most important reasons that have helped me decide to become a teacher. I... ...s degree in reading. I would also like to become nationally certified through the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. I will use my past and present experiences to be the best possible educator that I can be. Although summer vacation and holidays off are good incentives for me to want to become a teacher, being an important figure in a childs life is all of the inspiration that I need. I know that being a teacher is not a glam orous job but to me it is the most important position a person can fill. I have the want and desire to become the best teacher that I can possibly be and I am will to work my hardest and give it my best effort. If I can have a positive affect on the life of at least one child than I will feel that I have accomplished my goal. What sculpture does to a block of marble, education is to an human soul (Joseph Addison).

Speech Analysis -- essays research papers

This is the speech delivered by President Bill Clinton at the annual White House prayer breakfast on Friday, September 11, 1998, to an audience of more than 100 ministers, priests and early(a) religious leaders. First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton was also in attendance.The speech, written in long hand by the president, was delivered at the beginning of a day of tremendous political and personal turmoil surrounding the publication of the first report to Congress by commutative Counsel Ken Starr. The Starr Report, published on the Internet about 2 p.m. on Friday, laid the grounds for possible impeachment of the president, accusing Clinton of perjury, obstruction of justice and other offenses in connection with his sexual affair with former White House intern Monica Lewinsky. If the President did in fact write this address himself, I am very impressed with his communication skills. Repeatedly throughout the speech, Clinton appeals to the forgiving nature of all those listening. Within the first few opening sentences, the President manages to gain benevolence by saying that he was up rather late thinking and praying about what he ought to say. Through a combination of this and stating that he himself wrote the speech, he has already gained support form his audience which can set the tone for how they will react to the remainder of what he has to say. President Clinton then continues his attempt to ordain himself on the same ground as the American publi...

A Comparison of Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Comparison of Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac Why. Exc give me. Why. Does. Excuse. Why me. I mean. Excuse me. Why. Does. It . Always end up this way. Like this. A performance. Its my best excuse. And. Im on the wagon. Again. Why. Excuses. Sitting in the state of a daydream. No. Falling. A performance. Why what it comes down to. Poetry. And. My two main men. Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac. Both use their individual voice to perform the Buddhistic beat they feel is part of their poetry/ their beatific movement. Even though these two poets influenced each other. And. Their voices are significantly different. Each has a personal style one cannot deny. And. Each boy added his separate beat to the music they created as a generation. A beat generation. Jacks buddhistic jazz/ blues chorus poetry is domesticized/ tainted Christianity-wise. And. Allens sound becomes zentific without Christianity/ hanging on a cross in the backbeat of his prose poetry. While each may hand his own person al style/ both poets use the same technique in sound. And. Rhythm to give their audience something to bugaloo to. Excuse me. Whats. That. Poetry. Baby. A performance. So. Please brother. record a chance. And. Dance. (She says that as she shh shh shivers.) Its all gotta be non stop ad libbing within each chorus, or the gig is shot (Kerouac, 1). And he meant every word of it. Jacks administration of jazz/blues choruses work on/carry on harmonically as well as through certain words or phrases format together through sound. And also like jazz, his music, seemed to happen spontaneously, like nothing was planned. In the 182nd Chorus, the ideas behind the phrase The Essence of Existence is Buddhahood is carried on into the 183rd Chorus with the phrase This is the truly Buddha (Allen, 171). It is like a bar of music in a jazz or blues riff. The idea and sound of one chord moves into the next, traveling, never well-read where it is going to end up. Just like the idea and sound of one li ne in one of Jacks choruses moves into the next, traveling, never knowing where it is going to end up. It sounds and looks spontaneous. And because of this it is meant to be preformed out loud so it can be heard like a jazz or blues riff wailing.

Pearl Harbor Essay -- essays research papers

Pearl HarborI. Events before the bombingA. Reasons for Japans Expansion1.The Japanese were severely lacking in new(a) materials2.The Japanese wanted to build an empire3.Japan thought that it must build up its armies to compete with the Western PowersII. Preparations A.The Japanese made up a 8 point plan1. Surprise was crucial2.American aircraft crew cuts there should be the primary targets3.U.S. aircraft there must be destroyed to prevent celestial opposition4.All Japanese aircraft carriers available should be used5.All types of bombing should be used in the combat6.A strong fighter element should be included in the attack for air cover for the fleet7.Refueling at sea would be necessary8.A sidereal day attack promised best results, especially in the sunrise hoursB.The necessary troops were trained and ships were readiedC.Peace talks came to a haltIII. The AttackA. The attack was carrier basedB.The attack consisted of about 300 planesC.The attack started at 755 a.m. IV. Afterma ths of the attackA. American losses1.19 ships were damaged or sink2.2,403 people were killed3.Germany and Italy declared struggle on AmericaV. ConclusionA. The war was stopped by the atom-bombing of Hiroshima and NagasakiB.The President was aware of Japans plans to attackC.The attack was allowed to bring Japan into the warPearl HarborI. Events before the bombingA. Reasons for Japans Expansion1.The Japanese were severely lacking in raw materials2.The Japanese wanted to build an empire3.Japan thought that it must build up its armies to com... ...d first. The plan was to anger Japan and thus to drag America into the greatest war of her existence.Yet even with this Terrible Truth I am inclined to forgive. I sympathize with President Roosevelt and the dilemma he faced. He was forced to start out circuitous means to persuade an isolationist America to join in a fight for freedomIt is easier to take a critical view of this polity a half century after the event than to fully understand fully what went on in Roosevelts mind in the year prior to Pearl Harbor.Work Cited(April 10,2001).December 7,1941. World Wide Web. Available URL=http//www.execpc.com/dschaaf/overview.html (April 20,2001).Historychannel. World Wide Web. Available URL=http//www.historychannel.com/per1/print_book.pl?ID=35502(April 10,2001).The History Place. World Wide Web. Available URL=http//www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pearl.htm Louis L. Snyder. Pearl Harbor. Academic American Encyclopedia 1989 ed.Stackman, Michael, Target Pearl Harbor. Honolulu University of Hawaii Press, 1990

Pearl Harbor Essay -- essays research papers

drop curtain HarborI. Events before the bombingA. Reasons for Japans Expansion1.The Japanese were severely absent in new materials2.The Japanese wanted to build an empire3.Japan thought that it must build up its armies to compete with the Western PowersII. Preparations A.The Japanese make up a 8 point plan1. Surprise was crucial2.the Statesn aircraft carriers there should be the primary targets3.U.S. aircraft there must be unmake to prevent aerial opposition4.All Japanese aircraft carriers available should be used5.All types of bombing should be used in the attack6.A strong fighter element should be included in the attack for air cover for the fleet7.Refueling at sea would be indispensable8.A daylight attack promised best results, especially in the sunrise hoursB.The necessary troops were trained and ships were readiedC.Peace talks came to a haltIII. The fervorA. The attack was carrier basedB.The attack consisted of about 300 planesC.The attack started at 755 a.m. IV. Aftermath s of the attackA. American losses1.19 ships were change or sunk2.2,403 people were killed3.Germany and Italy declared war on AmericaV. ConclusionA. The war was stopped by the atom-bombing of Hiroshima and NagasakiB.The President was aware of Japans plans to attackC.The attack was allowed to bring Japan into the warPearl HarborI. Events before the bombingA. Reasons for Japans Expansion1.The Japanese were severely lacking in raw materials2.The Japanese wanted to build an empire3.Japan thought that it must build up its armies to com... ...d first. The plan was to anger Japan and thus to drag America into the greatest war of her existence.Yet even with this Terrible Truth I am inclined to forgive. I sympathize with President Roosevelt and the dilemma he faced. He was forced to find circuitous means to persuade an isolationist America to join in a fight for freedomIt is easier to take a vital view of this policy a half century after the event than to fully understand fully what went o n in Roosevelts mind in the year prior to Pearl Harbor.Work Cited(April 10,2001).December 7,1941. World Wide Web. Available URL=http//www.execpc.com/dschaaf/overview.html (April 20,2001).Historychannel. World Wide Web. Available URL=http//www.historychannel.com/per1/print_book.pl?ID=35502(April 10,2001).The History Place. World Wide Web. Available URL=http//www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pearl.htm Louis L. Snyder. Pearl Harbor. Academic American Encyclopedia 1989 ed.Stackman, Michael, Target Pearl Harbor. Honolulu University of Hawaii Press, 1990

Professional Practice in Early Years Settings Essay

1.1 rationalise how the range of previous(predicate) classs coiffetings reflects the scope and solve of the sector The range of Early Years Settings reflects on the requirements of p bents and families for their children. Some p arnts want cargon for their children so that they can return to organise, some whitethorn want to stick by with their children while they socialise, some may want their children in a setting which offer services aimed at learning, whilst some may want their children to be in a home based environment and some families cannot afford to pay fees for provision. This is why the Early Years sector has various forms of provision to beseeming the needs of families. Provision include Nurseries, child minders, pre-schools, crches, childrens centres and parent and toddler groups.2.1 Identify current policies, frameworks and influences on the early years in that respect are various policies in place which each setting is required to fall. There are five basic p olicies of good practice, Equality and Diversity Rights and responsibilities Confidentiality Promote anti discrimination, legal communication. There is also the Childcare Act 2006 were Child minders and childcare providers registered on the Early Years Register must meet the legal requirements set out by this act. The legal requirements you must meet for the safeguarding and welfare and the learning and development of young children are set out in the Statutory role model for the Early Years Foundation Stage. There is the EYFS Framework which was put into place to ensure every child is given the best possible start in life and to ensure every effort is made ensure a child has equal opportunities to learn in a safe and secure environment. There is also the Foundation Stage, The Birth to Three Matters Framework and the National Standards for Under 8s Daycare and Childminding, to which are replaced by the EYFS. There is also the Every Child Matters Framework. The discipline act intro duced free childcare provisions for under-fives and since September 1st 2010 this rose from 12 and a half hours a week to 15 hours a week.2.2 Explain the impact of current policies, frameworks and influences on the early years sector The purpose and impact of current policies, frameworks and influences on the Early Years sector is about connecting everyone unitedly as a whole. By having policies and frameworks in place it ensures the safety and welfare of the children. Children are now able to play, engage in and express themselves freely and are being heard. With all groups linked together, working with the same child will mean that the child will learn more effectively. Information is encouraged to be shared with the children and families. Whatever their backgrounds, all children and families are now given the access to affordable quality childcare.2.3 Describe what is meant by evidence-based practice and give examples of how this has influenced work with children in their early years Evidence based practise is a setting which is influenced by objective evidence gained from research. Professional practices require you to keep up to date with researched findings and to consider how these can be applied to your confess setting. An example of how research has influenced work with children is The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) which is a comprehensive report which investigated the personal effects of pre-school provision, its findings found that children who had attended early years provision were more likely to have better cognitive, social and behaviour skills when they started formal education than those who had no early years provision. EPPE also confirmed the value of early learning through play especially from low-income families. Key Elements of effective practice (KEEP) is another example. This document emphasises that effective learning in children is dependent on secure relationships. Learning through play and forming secure rel ationships are both key elements to the EYFS.4.1 Explain the importance of reviewing have got practice as part of being an effective practitioner It is important to review your own practice to enable opportunities to evaluate and reflect on your own work. Reflecting on practice will help to see where changes need to be made and also note if errors have been made and how to rectify them and ensure the same errors are not repeated. To reflect on practice, as a setting you need to be able to provide constructive criticism, question actions and see whether what you are doing is working or whether there is room for improvement. Reflecting on your practise will help you to have a clearer picture of what you actually do within your work role and what is expected of you, and to ensure you aremeeting the required standards. 4.2 Undertake a reflective analysis of own practiceThrough working with 0-2 year olds it has provided me with opportunities and experience to acknowledge childrens needs by finding ways to communicate through body language. By having opportunities to extend by knowledge via antithetical courses has allowed me to extend my knowledge. Although I have gained a great deal of experience with deal with behaviour and leaning to different forms of discipline, I would like to learn more and extend my knowledge and experience.4.3 Develop strategies to deal with areas of difficulty and challenge encountered in professional practice in early years setting One of the important difficulties a setting comes across is how to deal with a child that may have difficulties with their behaviour, and how to approach the childs parents. The first strategy would be to follow the settings policy on behaviour and monitor the situation. It may be necessary to approach the parents and try and work together. It may be useful to explain the settings policies and strategies to the childs parents to enable them to carry out the same strategies at home.

High School Start Times

Abstract The debate of what sentence should high-pitched civilise scrape has been at large over the past couple decades. just to the highest degree develops ar willing to try the later mark period and virtually argon not. Research and studies of rails that flummox later contrive proven galore(postnominal) decreed opportunities for high school students. The later bug out times will jockstrap reduce the risk of short kip deprivation, depression, and other health concerns amongst jejunes. It will also help reduce absences, increase their school performance, and allow students to motor the recommended fall of recreation that their bodies need.My sources include case studies of schools that have tried the later time and research of teen quiescence patterns. As nestlingren lower older their school time leaves earlier every few years. Elementary schools intermediate a chicken feed time around 945 a. m. , middle school at 800 a. m. , and high school at 730 a. m. However, as children contain older they usually stay up later because if technology and their bodies being capable of staying awake longer resulting in a lesser add up of balance than is required.With delaying the start time for high school students in that location is the opportunity to improve denounces, reduce the risk of depression, and reduce the risk of sleep deprivation. The issue of school start times has been moiled over for many years now. Schools that have always started early whitethorn be skeptical to switching their start time even though research has proven that later start times can be beneficial to the students. Once schools try a later start time for a period of time many keep it because it has so many positive opportunities for the high school students.The later start time not only has proved positive amongst the students, but also among the pargonnts. One take aim conducted in the Minneapolis School district surveyed and order that, after one year, 92% of parents indicated that they preferred the later start times (2004). Many people are skeptical at first of the switch but if you look at the research and studies done, it is obvious that the benefits far outweigh the negatives of a later start time. As stated, when children get older they tend to stay awake longer however they do not understand that they are at risk of sleep deprivation.Sleep deprivation is an overall privation of the necessary amount of sleep. When kids have sleep deprivation they have symptoms that include but are not limited to impairments in mood, attention and memory, behavior control, quality of life, lower academic performances and decreased motivation to learn (2010). Children dont understand the results of staying up the extra hr to watch a television show or extend a video game. The effects are potentially much worsened than just everyday mood and academic performance. Sleep deprivation can also cause kids to become unhealthier.This results in an in creased risk of weight gain, lack of exercise, and lack of stimulants. Overall, sleep deprivation could cause children to potentially ruin their school career which could expunge their future chances of getting into college. The easy argument to avoid sleep deprivation is to make kids go to bed earlier. However, today children have more video games, televisions, and phones in their bedrooms than prior years making it much harder for kids to go to sleep once in their room. The intermediate teenager will stay up for an additional time of day every night causing them to lose a union of one nights sleep over a period of a week (2012).Telling your children to go to bed earlier and even making them get into their beds wont force them to go to sleep due to modern technology. Also, studies on adolescent sleep patterns show that for biological reasons, teenagers generally cannot go to sleep earlier than 11 p. m. (1999). This also makes it quite difficult for teens to get in bed early eno ugh to sleep the required amount for optimal health and wellness, which is between 8 to 10 hours, especially when the students have to wake up and be at school so early.By pushing school back an hour would allow students to have a demote chance of decreasing their chance of getting sleep deprivation. Starting an hour or two later than the average start time would allow high school students to get a full night sleep, thus affecting their overall performance in school and enabling them to make better grades. Evidence has shown that adequate sleep improves performance on a variety of tests of memory, concentration, problem solving and attention, as well as reducing depression and irritability (2004).When allowing children to have a full night sleep it sets them up for future endeavors and is more realistic of a schedule compared to the average adult having a nine to five job. This would be an ideal way to get them in a routine for life outside of school and grant ample opportunity to do better in school. When making the change from starting school from the original start time to an hour later there would be several changes a family could have to make to their everyday schedule.While kids who have the opportunity to take the bus to school should not be inconvenienced by the time change it would affect those who live outside the school district. For these children who have to get a ride to school every day may need to abide by an alternate mode of transportation due to their parents work schedule. Also parents with non-regular schedules may have to find alternative modes of transportation for their kids. This could also become an inconvenience if there are no friends or family available to help to transport.Changing the start time may become a hassle for the parents and making it almost impossible to get their kids to school on time. While most kids do well in school, generally it is those who study harder that have the better grades. While studying harder coul d be an response to getting better grades, as it has been proven, studying harder wont make kids focus and concentrate better in school. If students could take in more teaching during class, it would result in a better understanding of school lessons and conclude to a better academic performance.Being late to the first class of the day or even missing it completely is something that occurs frequently amongst high school students. Missing that first class can hurt a childs grade and GPA which is very important during high school. Starting school later, even a half hour later, will allow students an adequate amount of time to get themselves ready and be at school on time. Teachers from a Rhode Island school who tried the later school time reported a 36% decrease in absences or tardiness for the first class of the day (2010).Dr. Robert Vorona said Beyond the impact on driving, early start times probably affect other areas shouting for research on how they affect teenagers moods, tar diness, and academic performance (Holohan, 2013). Many studies and researchers have proved that having early school start times increases the amount of absences and tardiness amongst the students. Thus by delaying the start time will reduce the number of students tardy or absent and also allow them to have a better chance of passing their early morning classes. whatsoever people might think that being absent or late is the fault of the student or their parent. They may think that students should still be able to wake up and get to school on time even with an early school time. Many factors play into this though. Students could have fallen asleep late making it difficult to wake up, missed their alarm, or even missed the bus because of waking up late. Some students have parents who are already at work when they wake up to get ready in the morning. Not having a parent at folk in the morning can be ough on a child and make it difficult for them to get out of bed. This makes it very e asy for a child to sleep in and miss class. It is easy to say that students should get to school on time but there are many different factors that go into a morning routine that allow, or dont allow, students to make it to school on time. During high school, students are more likely to experience some type of depression due to relationships, athletics, schoolwork, etc. A major contributor to depression would be having a lack of sleep.A school in Providence Rhode Island time-tested students when they started school at 800 and when they started at 830. They found that by having an extra half hour of sleep the number of students that had depression decreased a significant amount from 66% to 45%. Judy Owens, who conducted the study, stated A modest start time delay was associated with a significant increase in self-reported sleep duration and a decrease in a number of daytime sleepiness. Perhaps more importantly, students rated themselves as less depressed and more motivated to insert in a variety of activities (2010).Depression can weigh a kid down and not allow them to do well in school. It is important for high school students to get their sleep because about 50% of high school students can demand. A study was done between two high schools that had an hour and twenty minute difference in start time. The school that started later had 41% less crashes than the school that started earlier. The researchers concluded that the students from the school which started earlier were sleep deprived and resulted in them driving more recklessly than the students who started school later.When looking at driving compared to sleep it becomes a more serious issue and this is because there are other peoples lives at risk other than the person who is sleep deprived. Not only does this issue of school start time greatly influence a students education but more importantly it plays a factor in their physical wellbeing as they drive to school each morning. A small private high scho ol in Providence, Rhode Island conducted a pilot study that confirms many of the benefits of retard school start times. A study conducted by Judy Owens, MD, a sleep expert with Hasbro Childrens Hospital had the school delay their normal start time, 8 a. . , to a parvenue start time of 830 a. m. The study also had students, with parent permission, participate in an e-mail survey that would help to measure the sleep patterns and behaviors of the students. The study showed that students across all grades (9 to 12) had an average increase of 45 minutes of sleep per night. It also showed significant decreases in the students who felt that they rarely/never got enough sleep, which was 69% to 34%, and significant decreases in the students who felt that they never were satisfied with their sleep, which was 37% to 9%.The study also found other health related issues and how a later start time can decrease those problems. The school had a significant decrease from 66% to 45% of students who felt depressed. The health center at the school reported a drop from 15% to 5% of fatigued-related complaints and a 56% decrease in requests for rest passes. The teachers also reported that there was a 36% reduction in absences or tardiness for the first class of the day. This Rhode Island study is one of many that have found many benefits to a later school start time for high school students (2010).If you agree that school start times should be later then you can, and should, get involved. There is a website call Start School Later (www. startschoollater. net) that is all about how to get schools to start later and why they should start later. Their mission is Start School Later is a coalition of health professionals, sleep scientists, educators, parents, students, and other concerned citizens dedicated to increasing public awareness about the relationship between sleep and school hours and to ensuring school start times compatible with health, safety, education, and equity. They have an immediate goal of trying to present our national petition to legislate a minimum earliest start time to decision-makers in Washington, DC. The Start School Later group also has four long term goals Advocate for legislation to ensure evidence-based school hours at the national, state and local level. Provide support and guidance to local communities working for later school start times. Serve as an information clearinghouse by salt away and consolidating information and data about school start times and efforts to change them.Build public understanding about the relationship between sleep, school start times, and physical, psychological, and educational well-being. To get involved with the Start School Later campaign, go to their website and sign the petition or donate to the cause. If you would like to become more knowledgeable about the effects of school start times on students and how later times are beneficial, you may also visit their page and read facts and statistics that researchers have found and read success stories of schools that have already started their schools at a later time.There are many positive opportunities that can occur from starting school later. Students have the opportunities to improve their grades, reduce their risk of depression, reduce their risk of sleep deprivation, and many other positive outcomes that will be a result of the extra amount of sleep students may get because of the later school start time. Many schools have switched to a later start time and have found many benefits for the students because of it. If this growing number of schools have already pushed back their start times and experienced the numerous benefits from it, then why hasnt this become a measurement on a national level yet?References All About Sleep. KidsHealth the Webs most visited site about childrens health. N. p. , n. d. Web. 31 Oct. 2012. . Build our school schedules on sleep. (2004, Feb 22). capital of Michigan State Journal. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com. proxy. davenport. edu/docview/438903324? accountid=40195 Dubocovich, Margarita L. , et al. The impact of school daily schedule on adolescent sleep. Pediatrics June 2005 1555+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Holohan, Ellin. Earlier School Start quantify Endanger Teen Drivers. Teen Driving. Ed.Michele Siuda Jacques. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2013. At Issue. Rpt. from Early School Start Times May Raise Risk of Teen Car Crashes. 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Insufficient sleep and early school start times contribute to teenage health issues. Chattanooga Times/Free Press Chattanooga, TN 30 Mar. 2012. General Reference Center GOLD. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Later School Start Times May Foster Better Students High school pushed back start of day by 30 minutes, with good results. Consumer Health News English 5 July 2010.Health Reference Center Academic. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Later school start times may improve sleep in adolescents and decrease risk of auto accidents. NewsRx Health(Jan 4, 2009) 164. Nursing Resource Center. Gale. Davenport University. 28 Oct. 2012 Moon, Mary Ann. More data back range of later school start times. (CHILD/ADOLESCENT)(Report). Clinical Psychiatry News38. 10 (Oct 2010) 23(1). Nursing Resource Center. Gale. Davenport University. 28 Oct. 2012 New study confirms positive effects of delayed school start times. Health & Medicine Weekly 19 July 2010 1.Print. Physician continues to push for later school start times. Northwest Florida Daily NewsFort Walton Beach, FL 18 Nov. 2010. General Reference Center GOLD. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Research Finds High School Students May Get Better Grades If They Get More Sleep Health and wellness 1 (1999) n. pag. Davenport University. Web. 31 Oct. 2012. Start School Later About Us. Start School Later About Us. N. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. Teen sleep Why is your teen so tired? MayoClinic. com. Mayo Clinic. N. p. , n. d. Web. 30 Oct . 2012.

Film “Run Lola Run” Essay

Cinema that interests me is cinema about opening, unresolved questions and experiments.- Tom Tykwer. The film Run Lola Run by Tom Tykwer theatrical roles distinctively visual features to create a positive effect on an au scare offnces appreciation of the text. He uses these visual elements to explore three study themes get hold, neck and gameplay. Re-occurring motifs, split screen and many-sided structure are all examples of techniques Tykwer has utilize to create distinctively visual features in his film. Similar to Tykwers film Run Lola Run, Wilfred Owen in his poem Dulce et decorousness Est too uses distinctively visual techniques to have a positive effect on an audiences appreciation of his text. Unlike Tykwer, Owen expresses the theme horrors of warfare through multiple poetic techniques to create images in his readers minds.Chance lies at the core of the film where nothing is definitive. In the film Run Lola Run Tykwer expresses the theme detect through multiple techniq ues such as re-occurring motifs, symbolism and rapid-fire snapshots. Throughout the entire movie, Tykwer has used the motif of spirals to represent chaos and randomness within the text. They are seen at the start of the film when the animated Lola is running the camera is shown spiraling around Lola as she thinks about whom to ask for the m 1y, the stairway in the introduction and the roulette cycles/second in the final while. This motif pops up to symbolize the films central message that life spirals around continuously and out of control.Endings are new beginnings and beginnings mark the eradicate of that which came prior. Throughout the films three versions of events, rapid-fire snapshots of minor characters are used to pose deeper existential philosophical questions that challenge our perceptions of happenstances, causality and fate. On simple step to the left on Lolas adventure could differ the lives of a minor character majorly. For example the lady at the start of Lolas ru n could quite possibly take the lottery, become a kidnapper or even a Jehovahs Witness.Tykwer never lets the audience forget that the film is a race against time, alfileria are used throughout the film to symbolize time and its impact on life. Lola is constantly looking at the clocks, checking the time making sure she gets the speed of light 000 marks to Manni in 20 minutes. Lolas lack of time creates a developed understanding and briefness of life. Tykwer displays distinctively visual features throughout the theme chance to give a positive appreciation of the text.The love story surrounded by Lola and Manni is what drives the film. Tyker uses red-hued scenes, split screens and extreme close-ups to clearly portray love throughout this film. The red-hued scenes in between Lolas runs clearly demonstrate the importance of their love and insecurities as they ask individually other What would you do if I died and responding with I wouldnt let you die. The intimate red tint reinforces the love they share and how love can conquer anything.With the use of a split screen we as a witnesser see how they almost read each others minds when Lola is running to stop Manni from robbing the store. This portrays a special bond they share even when they are apart. The outset two alternate endings end with Lola and Manni dying, we as an audience see a close up of when they are dying showing the reflection of each others deliver in their dying eyes conveying the refusal to allow each other to die. Tykwer clearly portrays distinctively visual features throughout the theme love to give a positive appreciation of the text.The last important theme throughout the film Run Lola Run is gameplay. Tykwer uses film techniques such as tracking shots, animated sequence and tripartite structure to portray distinctively visual features throughout this theme. The tracking shot of Lola running with her flame red hair streaming behind her is used to visually represent that she is the main pl ayer throughout this game and has power and purpose over other characters. Tykwer uses an animated sequence at the beginning of each run to convey game like elements of her life and how out lives too can be played like a game.Tykwer then uses a tripartite structure that offers Lola chances to win. The thesis is the first run where the journey is set up, the antithesis is the second run and is the opposite to the thesis, finally the synthesis is the third run and it is what Lola learns from run one and two that assist her in winning the game. Tykwer uses this technique to express to his audience that there are chances in life to achieve your set goals. From the three majorthemes, chance love and gameplay it is evident that Tykwer has effectively used distinctively visual features to create a positive appreciation of his text.The poem Dulce et decorum est starts off in the middle of action, a battle that is not quite finished. Owen begins to describe the conditions these soldiers were in, Bent double, like old beggars under sacks. Owen uses a simile to express to his audience the grievous conditions these soldiers were put through. Soldiers at war are usually strong and healthy simply Owen erases this image and replaces it with a beggar This conveys that war can cause solemn damage to ones appearance changing it dramatically. In the quote Drunk with fatigue deaf even to the hoots Owen uses a metaphor but also hyperbole in this stanza to convey just how tired they were and werent taking any notice of the shells dropping behind them.This reinforces the effects of war has on soldiers and how they feel whilst fighting for your country. In the quote he plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning Owen illustrates the fact that he is stating clearly, through use of onomatopoeia such as guttering, choking, and drowning not only show how the man is suffering, but that he is in terrible pain, pain no mankind being should endure. Owen uses onomatopoeia to visually dep ict the effect of a gas attack on the human body and how it can cause extreme amounts of pain. This strengthens the idea that war is a horrible thing for the soldiers fighting.This poem is extremely effective as an anti-war poem, making war seem absolutely horrid and revolting, just as the author wanted it to. Similar to Tykwer, Owen too uses distinctively visual techniques to demonstrate particular themes throughout their texts to nominate the audience with a positive appreciation of the text.Ultimately, the composers of Run Lola Run and Dulce et Decorum Est use distinctively visual techniques to convey different themes throughout their texts. Tykwer effectively expresses the themes, chance, love and gameplay while Owen conveys the horrors of war through his text. Tykwer communicates his themes through film techniques such as reoccurring motifs, split screen and tripartite structure however Owen articulates his theme through the useof poetic techniques such as metaphors similes an d personification. As both texts deal with chaos in their own way, it might be suggested that the visual techniques can allow us to enter a new realm of reality created by the composer.

Request for Payment

Jan Nikolas Acounting department IKEA Edinburgh United Kingdom 18 March 2012 Juan Trujillo Manager Peter Darby capital of the United Kingdom United Kingdom Dear Juan Trujillo, I am writing to you in the matter of the centre with your company named Peter Darby. I produced for your company three coulomb office desks. I has passed two month since the delivery. This order was at very short notice, but we were able to contradict quickly and deliver .. goods in time. We take a leak yet not receive the payment for this contract. In the terms and conditions of our sales agreement is clearly verbalize, that you have to sent .. payment within thirty days of receipt of invoice.Our company is known for their patience and good handling with customers. I have already sent you two reminders, offset printing four weeks after derelict and an some other four weeks after that. Feel free to check enclosed invoice and copies of the previous reminders. Now the acount is more than cardinal weeks overdue and Iam asking you politely to set the things straight as fast as possible. Ihave constantly waited for the payment and it has affected my work and future contracts with other customers. Ihave to warn you that you have already been charged 3% amonth in adition to payment for the deeply remittance as is stated in our terms and conditions.If we do not close this deal until next month, an interest leave be raised to 5% amonth and you will be charged extra fee in ammount of 10% of your debt. Ialso intend to take more move if you keep not responding to our cook but Ihonestly hope that taking this deal in front of the court will not be necessary. I take this is abig misunderstanding and we will close this deal in short time. Ithank you for your cooperation regarding this matter. Iwish you good in your future and Ihope we can continue doing business together, that will be smooth once again. Yours sincerely Martin Zajicek Branch DirectorI am writing to you in the matter of the contract with your company named Peter Darby. I had produced for your company three hundred office desks. It has passed two months since the merchandize had been delivered. This order was at very short notice, but we were able to react quickly and deliver the goods in time. We have not received the payment for this contract yet. In the terms and conditions of our sales agreement, there is clearly stated, that you have to consign the payment within thirty days of receipt of invoice. Our company is well-known for its patience and respectful handling with the customers.I have already sent you two reminders, first four weeks after the overdue and the other four weeks after that. Feel free to check enclosed invoice and copies of previous reminders. Now the acount is more than eight weeks overdue and Iam asking you politely to set the things straight as fast as possible. Ihave constantly waited for the payment and it has disorganize my work and future contracts with other customers. Iha ve to warn you that you have already been charged 3% amonth in adition to payment for the late remittance as it is stated in our terms and conditions.If we do work this deal out until next month, an interest will be raised to 5% amonth and you will be charged extra fee in ammount of 10% of your debt. Ialso intend to take more steps if you keep not responding to our cause but Ihonestly hope that taking this deal to the court will not be necessary. Ibelieve this is abig misunderstanding and we will deal with it in a short time. Ithank you for your cooperation regarding this matter. Iwish you will do well in your future and Ihope we can continue doing business together, that will be smooth once again.

Change and Culture Essay

To adjust to greater competition and pressures of obtaining increased organisational efficiency and cost containment, legion(predicate) fundamental laws have begun to examine strategies related to restructuring and downsizing to maintain schemeal viability. These capturees have included nuclear fusion reactions and acquisitions, and redefining occupational roles of actors deep down the organization. Consequently, successful management of the structural diverge process rat be daunting and overwhelming if non handled in an organized and thoughtful process.Those who are responsible for the process must recognize the barrier that whitethorn be hindrances to conception and implementation of the vary process These barriers include (a) lack of concise and coordinated planning/goals, (b) resistance to change in spite of appearance the organizational piece of workforce, (c) failure to consistently evaluate the progress of the proposed change within mise en scene of the entire system, and adjust methodology as necessary.Thus, in order to achieve a balance between achieving organizational goals and addressing the uncertainty that may occur in the workforce, organizational leaders are tasked with the responsibilities of finding creative means to help championself the mandated objectives while at the same time finding vehicles to maintain adequate levels of employee comfort and productivity in order to facilitate the ability to service their respective consumer base.It is the purpose of this paper to re-examine the fictional organization maked in the week subprogram four Culture Case Study I, and determine the means to facilitate a plan in workforce brought on by a mandated drop-off in work force. This paper leave examine the concept of the universal joint worker as part of the proposed redesign, with further evaluation of the communications and organizational process that pass on have to be implemented in order to facilitate successful achievemen t of administrative goals and employee adoption of their in the alto conkher roles.Case Study In an attempt to achieve increased cost containment, six months after the merger of Charles Drew and Florence Nightingale Hospitals, the managerial hierarchy has proposed a significant reduction in workforce. Subsequently, a decision was made that the best way to facilitate pass overd safe patient flush was to redesign the patient care delivery workforce. As recommended by the administration, the initial proposal for redesign was that of the universal worker.As understood, the persona of the universal worker would allow remaining employees to be cross trained in different channel duties thus, allowing to a greater extent flexibility in catering and personnel assignments (web. Answers. com, 2011). Through examination and implementation of the concepts of the universal worker, along with consideration of oppositewise strategies, the thought is that grant additional duties to remainin g personnel would allow continued adequate delivery of many support services.Past experiences in attempt to implement this type of change has proven to be met with resistance by personnel, and difficult to implement when introduced at other organizations nevertheless, the administration has charged the mid-level management team with successful achievement of the proposed redesign in order to meet organizational objectives. The Change ProcessWhen beginning the process of job redesign within this organization, it ordain be all-important(a) for those who are responsible for implementation of the change to ensure the overall mission and goals of the organization and the global ramification of the change within the institution. It for determine be important to understand that a change in one area can have either a positive or negative impact on other areas within the organization (Leadership and Motivational Training, 2012).Thus, in viewing the potential upheaval that a reduction in workforce can render, and the subsequent potential for feelings of job insecurity that may be experienced by the remaining workforce, it allow for be important to allay these fears and allow enhanced empowerment of employees being modify by this process. This can be facilitated through inclusion of employees in the redesign process (i. e. implementation of work teams) and establishment of clear channels of communication within the system.Managing this process of job redesign and change can be successfully implemented through the initiation of a defined process to guide the change and an assigned change leadership team (Resnick, 2012). Through this process not notwithstanding will the affected employees be allowed to have input to the process that will affect the their individual s tell apart in the organization, they will also have the opportunity to implement substantial and lasting change for the overall system and the conclusion of then organization.As described by Peter Sen ge in his postulates regarding organizational culture, this inclusion, empowerment and open communication among those in leadership and front-line employees will work to facilitate what he described as the learning organization and systems cerebration (Smith, 2001).Inclusion of work teams into the change process, and the subsequent implementation of the cross training of employees into various departmental roles, the concept of the universal worker among the care provision staff will allow the reshaping of the organization into one that has the flexibility to adapt to the rapid change that may be incurred, and foster an atmosphere of collegiality where people are continually learning to see the whole together (Smith, 2001).Measuring Processes and Expectations Post RedesignOnce the redesign process has been completed it will be very important to implement measures to review the process of performance and if the predetermined goals of the change are being met. Since employees will p otentially be relied on to increase performance and acquire additional employment duties, it will be important to examine how the implementation of change will impact employee satisfaction. It can be said that if an organization can meet the need for a satisfying work environment, then the employee will have a greater propensity to be more motivated and productive.As a consequence the satisfaction will have a greater correlation to meliorate out sires and patient satisfaction. Examination of outcomes can be achieved through the utilization of the creation of a balanced scoreboard-or dashboard- of the key internal and external measures that provide a encyclopaedic view of the organizations performance, with as much insight as possible regarding the implication of the change for the future (Resnick, 2012).Examples of these tools could include utilization of employee satisfaction surveys, provision of strategically laid employee eedback boxes to solicit employee input to parameters for ongoing improvement, and implementation of employee councils to examine how to best meet the needs for improving overall workplace satisfaction and employee morale. With completion of the tools for review of performance, the organization will have a balanced understanding as to how the implementation of the job redesign has impacted organizational goals and desired outcomes -i. e. decreased attrition judge of employees, decreased sick leave utilized, increased patient safety and patient satisfaction scores (Ugboro, 2006) . Creation of a culture OrganizationAs the paradigm begins to change in the organization, and implementation of change becomes manifest within the organization, it will be important to foster structures that will provide for a cohesive and well-rounded workforce. As a result, it will be important that all employees have a thorough understanding of what is meant by a learning organization, and how this concept will be imperative e to the ongoing success of cu rrent and future change. As described by Peter Senge, the learning organization can be viewed as a structural environment in which the employee is empowered to create the outcomes that they truly desire.In this type of environment, the employee is allowed the room of creativity to redefine not only themselves within their organizational role, but also the organization itself. This paradigm shift differs from the previous downstream constricted organizational structures in that it moves the process for acquiring new organizational traits and skills from learning a means of survival to one that embraces learning that enhances the capacity to create and innovate (Smith, 2001).As such(prenominal), this paradigm allows progress of the employee to have a greater role in obtaining self-actualization through growth of objectively understanding how change and the end-results of proposed change will affect the organization and the system as a whole. Additionally, it changes the view of manage ment from one of overseer, to one of fostering learning opportunities and helping employees develop general understanding (Smith, 2001).In relation to the mandated job restructuring that will take place within this merged organization this change will be facilitated through the creation of interdisciplinary teams of care providers that will comprise the teams that will be responsible for the redesign of the care delivery model. In context of the proposed reduction of staff, it can be assumed that the employees affected by the ensuing change will be instrumental in facilitating this change if allowed to be part of the redesign of priorities and duties.Consequently, with each group bringing their individual and collective spheres of knowledge, there will facilitation of the exchange of ideas, expansion of personal mastery, enhancement of mental models, and a building of a shared vision. All of which are characteristic of the described learning organization. In this case, enactment o f the concept to the universal worker will require cross training of employees into potentially new areas of responsibility, or areas in which personal mastery has not been achieved.As such, training can be perceived by employees as a measure of the organizations commitment to them. Subsequently, training is one of the most powerful vehicles for an organization to create change. As stated by Resnick (2012), First, it builds alignment to the desired change. Second, it provides individuals with the knowledge and skills to implement the change. Third, it creates the opportunity for cross-functional communication in the implementation of company-wide initiatives.As this process evolves, management can ensure that continual educational opportunities exist for employees to grow technically and professionally in their respective duties. As these opportunities are allowed, evaluation of individual mastery should be evaluated and opportunities for individual employees to become mentors or re sources for fellow employees should be encouraged. By facilitation of this process of collaborative self-management, satisfaction within the process will be enhanced and peer-to-peer sharing can take place.This will allow greater cohesiveness among the teams and a greater sense of inclusion among all team members. As stated by Smith (2001), when teams learn together, not only can there be good results for the organization, members will grow more rapidly than could have occurred otherwise. measuring of Individual expiation Measurement of individual employee satisfaction can be facilitated through many means. Standard traditional measurement tools could include employee surveys, employee feedback solicitation, and input gained during one-year performance reviews.Although these means may allow the management team to gain greater insight to employee satisfaction with change, they are primarily founded in anecdotal response, and may be difficult of quantify. Thus, alternative measure ments of satisfaction can be employed. These include monitoring of employee retention rates, review of utilization unscheduled employee leave, and patient provided satisfaction surveys. As indicated by Plowman (2009), many studies suggest that the cost of turnover is on-and-a-half times an employees salary, when considering recruitment, selection, and training costs.Therefore, to monetarily measure the impacts of reduced turnover, one can calculate the evaluate cost of replacing employees who chose not to leave as a result of increased employee satisfaction. Furthermore, enhanced patient satisfaction and outcomes may have a direct correlation to enhanced satisfaction in that increased individual productivity may be a sign of an employee who has taken ownership of his or her role in relation to change. Conclusion In todays environment of organizational change, and redefining of traditional job functions and roles, it is imperative to create new paradigms within the organizational st ructure.Along with the changing responsibilities for employees, management must provide the means to promote atmospheres of renewed learning and assist the empowerment of employees in actualizing the larger systemic needs of the organization, and their role in the facilitation of making lasting change. Successful implementation of these concepts, along with meeting the needs for maintaining employee fulfillment and satisfaction will be all important(p) for the economic longevity of all business organizations that provide essential services to the public.Change and Culture EssayWhen two companies merge, upper management has many decisions to make about the organization, from what the mission statement will be, to what type of goals they have in mind to how many employees will be necessary to accomplish the goals. In the beginning, it is important to blend the two cultures and create the new organization. Six months after the merger of Cypress Creek Hospital and Clovis Community hosp ital, it was important to determine if the goals are met or if changes need to be made.In the instance of the organization from the first case study, it was stubborn that further change had to be made. To make the desired changes, administration has decided to reduce the current workforce significantly and to change how patients are tended to. Because the change is so detailed, the administration has recommended that a new position of a universal worker be created. The term universal worker generally refers to a person who is trained in multiple positions in the workplace and therefore has a miniscule more assignments flexibility.Universal workers are often used in call centers and hospitals to alleviate staff shortages and provide better service without the difficulties of processing so many referrals or dealing with call transfers (webAnswers. com2013). It is imperative that in the role of universal worker, ways are found to redesign the current set up of the organization and ma ke the necessary changes within the organization to meet the needs of the administration. Historically, organizations were set up where each person had a set task.When an organization incorporates universal workers in the workplace, it creates an environment in which few do a variety of tasks. In health care, this means that patients deal with fewer faces, and get used to their caregivers. For the organization, it means that a staff that can perform different roles and are even more valuable than they would be in traditional roles. Process of Redesigning Because the organization has decided that patients care delivery needs to be redesigned, it must be determined how to begin that process. The first thing that must be taken into account is that change in an organization often disrupts operation.In the instance were significant changes will be made in the size of the staff, adding more change typically will not be received well in the beginning. It is very important to plan according ly so that productivity is not affected for a long time. unrivaled way to accomplish this is to make changes with staff involvement. If staff is allowed to give ideas and be part of the changes, it will fill their needs for learning, change, and variety. One way to do this is create different committees so that staff could be part of an even smaller team and be able to express their ideas and contribute to the change.Encouraging staff appointment in planning how change is to take place, and the timing of that change appeals to the need for control that people innately have. Organizations that regularly assess the person-job fit of their employees may in turn, experience important benefits from these healthy, thriving and motivated employees who individually redesign their own jobs if necessary (Tims, 2010). Redesigning in this way, by allowing staff to assist in it, allows the organization to go from being a series of smaller fragmented parts to being a group of fewer parts that f unction well together.In creating universal workers, the new management needs to go among the staff and see what each employee excels in and in what areas need further training if necessary. Management needs to get an idea of what the pulse is within the organization, have an idea of who is good at what, what jobs are not as necessary, what can be consolidated, what new positions need to be added and feel confident in his or her decisions so that the job redesign can be put into place. Work Processes and Performance Expectations When redesigning is done, the organization can conceive to have their employees more satisfied in their work.People are more satisfied internally with their new responsibilities and are more satisfied in general. However, it sometimes makes people more dissatisfied with their current pay and benefits because they believe that they are doing more and that their pay and benefits should reflect those changes. Also the negative is that because people are dispo sed so much say in what they are doing when redesigning the workplace, they often become dissatisfied with their direct supervisors and management if something is not done to continue the autonomy that employees achieved with assisting in the redesigning.Job productivity goes up and goods produced tend to be better quality the arrogance that staff has in what they do. To ensure a more satisfied staff after redesign is complete, it is important not only to change the jobs of subordinates but even those in middle management so that everyone feels more satisfied and irascible feelings do not develop among staff. If change happen were people are more satisfied, the organization will better for it. Further, change cannot happen and just come to a halt. Change is never constant it has to continue to keep a learning organization on track.Steps and Structure to Change a Learning Organization Peter Senge, (1990), a learning organization is organization where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expensive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspirations is set free, and where people are continually learning to see the whole together (Senge,P. , 1990). According to Senge (1990), a learning organization excels in five different disciplines. A learning organization looks at long-term solutions, not necessarily the first solution that comes to their head.This is important because often organizations think of short benefits, and do not consider what changes will do to the organization long term. Because of this, a universal worker would do best to keep from making hurried decisions, and rather would create groups where people gather and look at things more on a long-term direction and see how the organization could be affected. another(prenominal) thing that can assist in change would be encourage workers to continue learning, whether it be a seminar held for staff or encouraging people to continue with their education on their own time.In workplace today teamwork is encouraged in the workplace. People are no longer given tasks, and expected to do them on their own. Rather, working together, sharing ideas and being a team help an organization to grow. Another step that needs to occur is that leadership roles need to be looked at differently. Instead of leaders being seen in the traditional role of being better than their subordinates or thinking for the staff, upper management roles need to changed to causal agency the changes in staff. Management needs to encourage learning, share the vision that leaders of the organization have.Management also needs to create and manage creative tension especially around the gap between vision and reality. Mastery or such tension allows for a fundamental shift. It enables the leader to see the truth in changing situations (Smith, 2001). To create change, the entire organization needs to change, not just the subordinates. Change takes time but the benefits long-term are well worth the efforts. Satisfaction for Universal Worker The universal worker approach seems to enhance job satisfaction. Feedback from the staff indicates that they enjoy being responsible for the patients as whole rather than one aspect of care.It is a feeling that undoubtedly enhances the caregivers sense of job importance (Widdes, 1996). Training staff to assume responsibilities across departments and even more challenging, reshaping their attitudes and approach to care is an undertaking that requires a commitment to training, retaining and diligent follow up. To keep a universal worker happy would require giving such staff opportunities to continue growing. In healthcare, allowing staff to be responsible for different aspects of patient care, rather than doing just one simple, respective role brings satisfaction.People get bored doing the same thing day in day out. Allowing staff to do different things, creates an excitement for the job that the y are doing and creates a feeling of responsibility, and pride in their job. However, because a universal worker does so many different tasks, the staff should be given incentives be it through raise or benefits or other methods, it is imperative that management be very much in tune with this philosophy. Otherwise, staff will begin to feel overworked, and underappreciated. Conclusion In conclusion, confluence of two organizations into one organization can be a very difficult undertaking.If not done correctly, it can fail completely. Even if a merger is successful, it does not mean that changes will not have to be made to operations to bring further success down the line. Sometimes, staff needs to be cut, and new positions be created. This can create some turmoil within the organization if not handled right. It is important to communicate with everyone throughout, and allow staff to assist in building ideas, and making the changes, allowing them to share in some of the responsibilit ies that the organization will undertake.Creating autonomy, particularly when creating universal workers, is important to keep staff satisfied. Along with bonus, raise, benefits, or other incentives would be wise. If staff is satisfied, the organization runs smoother and is more profitable. Satisfaction from employees radiates onto the customers and creates the type of environment that one would prefer to do business with. Change can work correctly if the needs of staff throughout the change are kept in mind.

Review Assessment: Online Assignment One S2 2012 Essay

1.The service department embody allocation method that completely ignores reciprocal services between service departments is called the causeSelected dissolver top method.2.In order to have a high-quality finished product serveSelected resolutenessthe products design specifications must ensure customers expectations AND the product must meet the standards of its design.3.The assume method ignores the fact that dissolventSelected Answersome service departments provide services to other service departments4.Refer to the chase data. reign over material employ$150 000merchandising appeals$5 000In reign over labour$7 000Administrative costs$10 000 dispraise on factory equipment$70 000Direct labour$40 000Overtime premiums paid$20 000Indirect materials$45 000The product costs areAnswerSelected Answer$332 0005.The Casual Furniture troupe manufactures outdoor furniture, and incurred the following costs during the month of January. Timber$25 000Paint$5 000Glue$500 cont interceptassemb ly personnel$20 000Wagesfactory supervisor$3 500Factory cleaners wages$2 000Sales commissions$10 000Administrative staff salaries$4 000Depreciationfactory equipment$3 000Depreciationsales office equipment$1 000Utilities, insurancefactory$6 000Utilities, insurancesales office$2 000Advertising$8 000Total costs$90 000The manufacturing overhead isCorrect Answer $15 0006.Cost of Goods Manufactured = Beginning Work in Process + Total Manufacturing Costs resultant Work in Process. AnswerSelected Answer True7.When recording breed in the financial statements, the score standards prescribe that the companies use the lower of cost or net realisable value. AnswerSelected Answer True8.The Lots More Store has a Janitorial Department and a force Department that provide services to one-third Sales Departments. The Janitorial Department cost is allocated based on space and the Personnel Department cost is allocated based on employees. The following information is available.PersonnelJanitorial SalesSalesSalesDeptDept123Budget$45 000$30 000Space (sq m)4 0001 00020 00030 00050 000No. of Employees510154530Using the step-down method, calculate the amount of Janitorial Department cost allocated to Sales Department 2, if the Personnel Department is allocated first. AnswerSelected Answer$10 3509.Quality of conformance refers toAnswerSelected Answerthe degree to which the product meets its design specifications. 10.Which of the following is not an objective of management taleing? AnswerSelected AnswerProviding information for profit and loss statements11.Appraisal costs refer to costs incurredCorrect Answer in determining whether defects exist.12.Leisure Life manufactures a grade of sporting equipment. The firms predetermined overhead application rate was 150 per cent of direct labour cost. Job 101 included direct materials of $15 000 and direct labour of $6 000. The manufacturing overhead use to Job 101 during the year was AnswerSelected Answer$9 00013.Which of the following i s not a cost of quality?AnswerSelected AnswerProductive inefficiency cost14.If production increases, variable cost will Correct Answer remain constant on a per unit basis.15.The service department cost allocation method that fully accounts for the mutual provision of services between service departments is called the AnswerSelected Answerreciprocal method.16.Which of the following statements is correct?AnswerSelected AnswerCost accounting is a subset of management accounting.17.Richardson & Sons purchased direct material worth $15 000 during the most modern period. At the end of the period the direct material account correspondence was $6 000 larger than the outset balance. Cost of goods sold was $150 000. Overhead is applied at 50 per cent of direct labour cost. Other account balances areBeginningEndingWork in process$75 000$20 000Finished goods$one hundred ten 000$60 000What is the amount of prime cost added to production for the period? AnswerSelected Answer$33 00018.Product c osts compriseAnswerSelected Answerdirect materials, direct labour and manufacturing overhead.19.The flow of manufacturing costs through the system isAnswerSelected Answer stark naked materials inventory work in process inventory finished goods inventory cost of goods sold. 20.Whether a cost is classified as direct or indirect will depend on AnswerSelected Answerthe nature of the cost object AND whether the cost can be economically traced to the cost object. 21.Barrett Industries began the month of June with a finished goods inventory of $15 000. The finished goods inventory at the end of June was $10 000 and the cost of goods sold during the month was $20 000.The cost of goods manufactured during the month of June was AnswerSelected Answer$15 00022.In the manufacturing firm, inventories consist ofAnswerSelected Answerraw materials, work in process and finished goods.23.Which of the following statements is correct in relation to determining whether a cost is direct or indirect? Answe rSelected AnswerThe wider the definition of the cost object the more costs that will be direct costs. 24.Refer to the following data.Direct material used$150 000Selling costs$5 000Indirect labour$7 000Administrative costs$10 000Depreciation on factory equipment$70 000Direct labour$40 000Overtime premiums paid$20 000Indirect materials$45 000The prime costs areAnswerSelected Answer$190 00025.A courier company may regard kilometres driven as a possible cost driver. AnswerSelected Answer True26.Rappaport Corporation reported the following data for the month of FebruaryThe direct materials cost for February isAnswerSelected Answer$88,00027.During the month of frightful, direct labor cost totaled $13,000 and direct labor cost was 20% of prime cost. If total manufacturing costs during August were $88,000, the manufacturing overhead was AnswerSelected Answer$23,00028. Rappaport Corporation reported the following data for the month of FebruaryThe adjusted cost of goods sold that appears on the income statement for February is AnswerSelected Answer$240,00029.A partial listing of costs incurred at Peggs Corporation during September appears belowThe total of the period costs listed above for September is AnswerSelected Answer$318,00030.The following data pertain to Harriman Companys operations during JulyThe ending finished goods inventory wasAnswerSelected Answer$7,00031.For the current year, Paxman Company incurred $150,000 in actual manufacturing overhead cost. The Manufacturing Overhead account showed that overhead was overapplied in the amount of $6,000 for the year. If the predetermined overhead rate was $8.00 per direct labor-hour, how many hours were worked during the year? AnswerSelected Answer19,500 hours32.Management of Berndt Corporation has asked your sustain as an intern in preparing some key reports for August. The beginning balance in the raw materials inventory account was $33,000. During the month, the company made raw materials purchases amounting to $62,000. At the end of the month, the balance in the raw materials inventory account was $30,000. Direct labor cost was $46,000 and manufacturing overhead was $74,000. The beginning balance in the work in process account was $13,000 and the ending balance was $19,000. The beginning balance in the finished goods account was $54,000 and the ending balance was $50,000. Sales totaled $270,000. Selling put down was $18,000 and administrative expense was $49,000.The net operating income for August wasAnswerSelected Answer$20,00033.Management of Berndt Corporation has asked your help as an intern in preparing some key reports for August. The beginning balance in the raw materials inventory account was $33,000. During the month, the company made raw materials purchases amounting to $62,000. At the end of the month, the balance in the raw materials inventory account was $30,000. Direct labor cost was $46,000 and manufacturing overhead was $74,000. The beginning balance in the work in proce ss account was $13,000 and the ending balance was $19,000. The beginning balance in the finished goods account was $54,000 and the ending balance was $50,000. Sales totaled $270,000. Selling expense was $18,000 and administrative expense was $49,000.The cost of goods sold for August wasAnswerSelected Answer$183,00034.The corporate controllers salary would be considered a(n) AnswerSelected Answeradministrative cost.35.Choice of allocation base should be made based onAnswerSelected Answerwhether the base actually drives the cost being allocated.36.The three basic elements of manufacturing cost are direct materials, direct labor, and AnswerSelected Answermanufacturing overhead.37.An opportunity cost isAnswerSelected Answerthe benefit forgone by selecting one alternative instead of another. 38.Which terms below correctly describe the cost of the black blushing mushroom used to paint the dots on a pair of dice?AnswerSelected AnswerChoice B39.Buford Company rents out a small overbold p ortion of its factory to another company for $1,000 per month. The rental agreement will expire next month, and rather than renew the agreement Buford Company is thinking well-nigh using the space itself to store materials. The term to describe the $1,000 per month is AnswerSelected Answeropportunity cost.40.Cost of goods manufactured will usually includeAnswerSelected Answersome costs incurred during the prior period as well as costs incurred during the current period.

Marketing and Department

Project title MUJI Introduction The head office of MUJI is from Japanese company, RTOHIN KEIKAU CO. , LTD. , and it is a new life way of life store and advocate simple, nature, texture life philosophy. Also, provide high quality and reasonable price intersection point that related with life, and not waste the material to safekeeping close the products eco. Flowchart * Human resource division * dispersal surgical incision * Quality check surgical incision * Marketing department * pay/ Accounting department * Information technology department * Administration department Japan head office * Engineering department Purchasing department * originative department * Research & amp Development department * Creative department * * Human resource department * Distribution department * Quality check department * Marketing department * Finance/ Accounting department * Information technology department * Administration department Japan head office * Engineering department * Purchasing depa rtment * Productive department * Research & Development department * Creative department * Front- academic degree Front- st grow Back- stage Back- stage function economy system Service delivery system opposite contact points Other contact points vote counter center, Warehouse, Fitting room, Display area (window display), delivery team Cashier center, Warehouse, Fitting room, Display area (window display), delivery team Service operations system Service operations system Cabinet, Burglar alarm, Clothes chest & stand, Refrigerator, Showcase, Display rack, Spot light, Leaflet tray, Telephone, Computer system, Barcode, etc. Cabinet, Burglar alarm, Clothes chest & stand, Refrigerator, Showcase, Display rack, Spot light, Leaflet tray, Telephone, Computer system, Barcode, etc. Other clients Other customers The Customer The Customer Other customersOther customers Advertising progression sale MUJI card Miscellaneous e-mail, mamil, phone c tout ensembles, etc. Websites Exposure product of seasons Advertising Promotion sale MUJI card Miscellaneous e-mail, mamil, phone calls, etc. Websites Exposure product of seasons Customer function associate, Cashier, Supervisor, Storekeeper, Security, Customer service hotline Customer service associate, Cashier, Supervisor, Storekeeper, Security, Customer service hotline Front stage Backstage Customer action Employee action Phone/ internet contact Make recommendation Arrived store Pay Delivery enter & practise upCustomer service CS associate, Security Cashier Enter data Register data Distribution Sent out Front stage Backstage Customer action Employee action Phone/ internet contact Make recommendation Arrived store Pay Delivery Recorded & follow up Customer service CS associate, Security Cashier Enter data Register data Distribution Sent out Most of the customer are having connect with company is they come to the store. But MUJI also provide a delivery ordering service to customers. When the total price over $30 01 that the delivery charge will be free but if below $3000, it will take $120 for the charge.And have other three types of charge, like bridge/ cut into toll, labor charge, assembly charge, that will charge when different situation happened. And must remember that does the large packing furniture flock be moved to the designated attitude or not so necessitate to careful of this. Also, MUJI have cooperation with Hang Seng Bank that created a MUJI card that to attract consumers. Using MUJI card at MUJI squeeze out earn $5 MUJI dollars for every spending of $100 and can use the MUJI dollars when you use the MUJI card to buy at MUJI next time to enjoy range of a function benefits.The responsibility range of each department Back stage department Human resource Staff is very importance of a company because if you wear upont have any staff or they didnt like the company, will recognize companys quality down and nothing can do without staff. So that the most importance thing of huma n resource department has to do is how company keeps outstanding staff in company and invoke some outstanding people outside to join the company. And the mainly job of the department are including, compensation & benefits, staffing & selection, and training & development.Distribution Distribution department need to help picking and packing goods, delivery goods, physical storage planning, physical storage planning, may facilitate the movement of materials. And the department is universe an substantial charter in the company because the company sales are directly related to the speed of delivery goods. Quality check When product finishes output signal and delivery to Hong Kong, will have a check in lab for testing its different kind of quality, like safety, health, practicability, etc.And they not only do the checking in lab, they also need to go to stores to have a random check to piss sure the products have the high quality provide to customers. Marketing When the pr oduct start the production process, marting department also need to start thinking about the company marketing strategy to defined the target market of the product, then find out the most suitable way for sell. Also, the marketing strategy must including promotion plan, like new product exhibition, advertising, sale, distribute leaflets to potency consumer, etc. AdministrationAdministration department is a department that sundry duties in a company. They need to arrange the appliances, like stationery, and buy the appliances, like water dispenser, keep in good repair of office, for example, clean the windows or rug, contact with the security of building, response company pantry and the document sending. Finance/ Accounting The mainly job of the department would be properly to help company manage the affair of finance, handle and calculate each department of company, defined the future development plan from the account, make sure the money enough to un the business and have great m anagement system to manage and protect companys asset. Information Technology support to design and create company website, then need to manage the website, provide technology of computer science that to maintain or upgrade office computers or company system. Back-stage department (Japan head office) Purchasing Purchasing department is searching manufactory, material suppler, then communicate about price, negotiated price, makes contract with suppler, tracking warehousing, manage the inventory, affect the defective products, etc.They have to help the company to find out the cheapest price and have good quality company to be the suppler because the material cost may increase when contract higher price with supplier then the selling price will also follow to increase so it is very important to the production. Productive The job of the deportment is to manage, control the time to finish the product on time, control the cost of the production. They will subscribe guide line about the standard of product to let manufactory to follow, include following quality, specifications, quantity, deadline, method of using science.Creative Creative departments staffs must have many original ideas to help company design a new, useful and special product that can have good selling number. But their design still need keep company style and control the quality. Research & Development This departments mainly job is collect data for look into, basic research and applied research, then by the result to think about how to develop the products and fits to market. Front-stage department Sales The mainly job of sales department is make marketing department creates marketing strategy plan to operate.Also, the department staffs are selling products at retail store and answer customers inquire. They need to know all token of the product that which in their response area. And they must have good communication and selling skills. Public relationship A good business image is cuss on good public relationship department because it is a department that response to provide positive image to public, like send out keep back when having any bad in that country or update the positive news to consumers, etc. Customer ServiceThe mainly work of the department is handle chance(a) running of customer service, like receive customer order and follow up the order, and provide good service to customer, answer customers inquire or complaint. Security Its a most important deportment of a company because it is related to safety problem. Their job is make sure all the staff and companys safety, have temporary problem solving sills, for example, something have been stolen or company on fire, so they response to follow the timetable to make ones rounds of inspection and general securitys job.Conclusion MUJI is one of the company that provide high quality service, and they are not only accent this way, they also focus on resource of Earth, environment, recycle problems and its stor e image of sample style can attract many different age group people to visit. But one of thing that MUJI need to improve is their Hong Kong MUJI website is too simple that not enough information to show consumers.

Molecular Mass by Freezing Point Depression Essay

Analysis1.)Determine ___ for the solution of cetyl inebriant and of the unknown substance in BHT. 2.)Calculate the molality of the cetyl alcohol solution and use it to calculate the value of the freezing point depression constant,____, for BHT. 3.)Use the calculated value of ___ to buzz off the molecular mass of the unknown solute.Discussion1.Give a definition of colligative properties.2.Draw a phase diagram of a pure substance, and show how addition of a solute affects this diagram. 3.What is the least precise measurement? How does this limit your significant digits? 4.Why is it expedient to choose a solvent that has a large value for ____? 5.Explain why the pure solvent shows a level horizontal curve as solidification occurs, but the curve for the solution slopes downward slightly. outcomeI answered the objective because I was able to determine the molecular mass of the unknown substance by finding the change in freezing point of BHT when the unknown substance was dissolved in i t. I learned how to apply __fp and molality. Two errors that couldve occurred were timing the freezing pointcorrectly and we might not harbor had unrivaled centimeter in the capillary tube. We didnt know that we were supposed to stop timing later on it started to become transparent, so our timings were all from when the whole centimeter of solution was transparent (except for trial 2).This would have bear on our results by making our melting point temperature higher than it really should be. Since we didnt have exactly one centimeter, the reader could have not seen when it first started. Thus, our time wouldve been higher than it should be too. Two improvements would be making sure we have exactly one centimeter or more in our capillary tubes and by chance just timing our results for a more

Battle of Algiers Analysis Essay

The Battle of Algiers is a 1966 film that depicts the Algerian uprising against the French rule in the city of Algeria. The cause of the conflict in the film is the unvaried oppression felt by the Arab Algerians because of French colonialism. The injustice suffered by the native Arabs is shown in a depend of ways the living space difference between the Arabs and French, the difference in chore, and the condescending attitudes the French affirm towards the Arabs.The cosmoss of Algeria (Arab and French), are separated into devil locations. The French live in a modern city with stores, buildings, lights, and automobiles many a(prenominal) things that people take for granted. While the Arabs live in poverty compressed in a unconsolable Casbah an old walled in citadel. The French seem to have a well-established middle class eon the native Arabs of Algeria have to struggle to survive.The difference in occupations by the natives and the French is likewise blatantly shown. The Ara bs are mainly engaged in manual labor and only work with the French when they work below them the servant of the police commissioner. On the other hand the French have a deep-rooted monopoly on all civil affairs. These differences show the injustice experienced by the native population but it is more(prenominal) apparent by the condescending and arrogant perception the French have toward the Arabs.Throughout the film the French try to persuade the native population to quell their rebellion by showing how French occupation has given them civilization and prosperity. But this is not true because of the difference in living conditions between the two races of people. Also throughout the film the French refer to the native Algerians as dirty Arabs, and rats. The dehumanization of the Arabs is too shown when Lieutenant-Colonel Mathieu compares the Arabs to tapeworms. It is ironic that the French officer refers to the Arabs as parasites when it is truly the French who colonized the co untry and exploits its resources. Lieutenant Mathieu also shows his disrespect for the Arabs when he names his counter measures to the Arabs rebellion operation champagne. (Alcohol is forbidden to Muslims)The film The Battle of Algiers shows the uninterrupted injustice to the native population by the foreign imperialists. The movie shows the difference in location, occupation, and respect that some(prenominal) people have for each other. The film also shows the constant racism of the French toward the native population and depicts the various reasons as to why the Arabs rebelled.

GCSE Macbeth Assignment Essay

Shakespe atomic number 18 wrote Macbeth around 1606. This was a in truth violent time for the newly recognised British Isles. Just three years earlier, by and by nearly half a century in originator, Queen Elizabeth I had died. She was succeeded by James I (or James VI of Scotland). James was of Scots heritage and his style of rule was very different to that of Elizabeth who had been steady and imposing character. It would analyzem that James was a weaker monarch and in 1605, just two years by and by creation crowned, thither was a plot to destroy the ho habits of parliament, a symbol of his power. This is famously known as the Gunpowder Plot and is s public treasury commemorated every year on the 5th of November.Most agree that Shakespeare wrote Macbeth (or The Scottish Play) to comment on the underlying mood of the time. He sets his play in Scotland to tense and throw out favour with King James and further more than, makes the subject matter that of assassination and regi cide shutdowning in overall failure, to try and warn other possible plotters against the ample power. King James was renowned for his fascination and hatred of witches and during his reign tens of thousands of witches were killed. Shakespeare thuslyce makes all the carnage and send away out in the play the ensue of the witches prophecies.Our prototypic impression of Macbeth is a very good bingle. In only the second delineation, before we as yet meet Macbeth, we study him referred to as bold Macbeth well he deserves that name. Again, before Macbeth is even introduced to us, King Dun asshole remarks (with regard to Macbeth and Banquo) they smack of honour both. Although we are in addition told that Macbeths sword was smoked with phone liney execution this is most definitely seen as a optimistic attri providede and non as grounds for worry for the other characters. It could however, be a hint from Shakespeare that things are not completely as they seem.Initially, we see Macbeth as valiant and honourable and the man who, almost single-handedly, has relieve the battle for his country. At this spirit level, there is no finite indication of the madness that is to follow.In my opinion, right from the guess where we first meet Macbeth, Shakespeare makes it perfectly clear that he is not completely emotionally or psychologically stable. Whilst returning from the battle, Macbeth and his good friend Banquo encounter the three withes that commenced the play. They tell him, All issue forth, Macbeth Hail to thee, thane of Glamis All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, thane of Cawdor All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter. Macbeth is clearly startled by this, but he tries to land with himself that what has been said back toothnot possibly be true.After a short jovial interlude with Banquo Angus and Ross fall and congratulate the two on their victory. Then they endow Macbeth with the title of Thane of Cawdor, and I believe that this is the turnin g point of the whole play. Macbeth seems almost entranced by this and speaks almost the whole of the rest of the scene to himself. He tries to reason out what had just taken place but now, he seems changed. As the play develops, we deposit a walking(prenominal) insight into Macbeths mental instabilities and nowhere more so than before the murder of Duncan.Shakespeare has purposefully orchestrate a situation to show Macbeths true personality and inside(a) feelings. Macbeth, however bloody and madden he may seem after his encounter with the witches, is still a respectable man, and killing his king is a very large decision for him to take. gentlewoman Macbeth has completely pressured him into this situation and this in itself shows us that Macbeth is not a strong person at all. We can see this clearly by the fact that Macbeth says We go out proceed no further in this business, supposedly putting his foot down. However, by the end of madam Macbeths response Macbeth is already as king the question If we should fail? This indicates that lady Macbeth has no respect or fear for Macbeth who, only three scenes earlier was being described as bloody, valiant and honourable.He reminds his wife that Bloody instructions, which, being taught, return to plague thinventor, pondering whether he would be killed if he were to be found out.Possibly in another(prenominal) act of cowardice he never directly tells Lady Macbeth just about what he thinks will happen. still instead tells her, This blow might be the be-all and the end-all here. However, Lady Macbeths influence and determination is far greater than his and she forces Macbeth into the committing the deed.Macbeth tells his wife that it would be inhumane to kill King Duncan, I dare do all that may become a man Who dares do more is none. We can also see that there is a definite element of fear in Macbeth, as when speaking, he refrains from using the word murder. Instead he uses euphemisms, done or it If it were done whent is done. He uses other words such as, surcease and blow, because Macbeth cannot even bear to say the word murder.Throughout the scene we see flashes of the honourable Macbeth described at the beginning of the play. For instance Macbeth displays a degree loyalty to Duncan when arguing with Lady Macbeth because he tells her, as his host who should against his murderer shut the door, not bear the knife myself. The words who should symbolize that although Macbeth accepts that he should stick out said no to his wife, her influenced has forced him otherwise.In fitting with the times, Shakespeare uses Biblical imagery in his writing. Macbeth says That is virtues will plead like angels, trumpet-tongued, against the deep damnation of his taking-off. Apart from showing us that Macbeth is fearful of the warm consequences of his actions, this also reveals his paranoia over the effects it will have on his after-life. The belief that someone would both go to heaven or to hell was virtu ally taken for granted in the early 17th Century. By using religious imagery in his play, Shakespeare makes sure that his intended listening are able to contact to the play fully.Finally, a stronger side of Macbeth then comes out and he says I have no prick to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambitiousness. Meaning that the only thing spurring him on is his ambition and nothing else, not even the pressure being exerted by his wife. He tells her that she is not affecting his actions, and in doing so, attempts to reassert him authority on the conversation.Shakespeare investigates some(prenominal) different aspects of Macbeths psyche in this short scene. On the one hand, contradictory to the picture of Macbeth that we have built up, Macbeth seems to be very weak. This is shown by the way Lady Macbeth has substantially manipulated him and in some ways poisoned his mind. In this scene we also see shades of a more gentle Macbeth coming through, with his reluctance and doubt about killing Duncan. This whole scene leaves the auditory sense very confused.Should they feel sympathy for Macbeth as they watch him try to defend himself against Lady Macbeths barrage of out-downs? Or should they dismiss his reluctance to kill Duncan as a symptom of his schizophrenia (and not that his conscience is genetic up with or his more humane side coming out)? I am not even sure that Macbeth quite knows what to think, something that works perfectly for Shakespeare as this layer of uncertainty creates suspense within the audience and forces them to carry on listening.After the murder, we are given yet more insight into Macbeths character. Fleeing from the scene of the offense he shows signs of paranoia. After memoriseing someone in the distance he shouts Whos there? what, ho He is clearly not thinking as, having just committed a terrible crime he should have tried to have stayed undetected. The murder has definitely had an effect on him. He then discovers that lu ckily, it is only his wife and when he meets her anxiety clouds his thoughts. The first thing that he asks is Didst thou not hear a noise?To calm himself down he persistently asks Lady Macbeth whether she heard noises When?, As I descended? trying to reassure himself that he was not detected and there is nothing to worry about. His speech is overstrung and un on the loose(p). It that shows that he has not managed to calm down. Shakespeare usually wrote in iambic pentameters and these short one-word questions distort the incline of this chemical gradationula and are intendt to indicate the paranoia and nervousness of Macbeth and his wife.Macbeth must(prenominal) have been extremely perturbed when he was in the room with Duncan. He says this is a sorry sight, whilst he is looking at his hands. This indicates that the killing was messy and later, Macbeth describes them as hangmans hands. This could mean that Macbeth is disgusted and sorrowful for committing such a disgraceful cri me and that he is showing signs of remorse.He continues to use euphemisms, such as deed to block out and forget the murder as much as he can. Shakespeare tries to give the audience the impression that Macbeth is sorry for his actions and not a cold-blooded person. Shakespeare also gives Macbeth another human element whereby he has him looking down at his hands, something that many people can let out with.Macbeth then goes on to talk about the deed. He mentions that when the two grooms were in the room with Duncan one cried, shoot As Macbeth has refrained from using this tabooed word throughout the passage he must be very explosive to terminally use it. Shakespeare also uses an exclamation mark which is meant to startle the audience and create suspense with a short pause. The short pause here is in start contrast to Macbeths other words which are written to be spoken very quickly. This is to give the audience the idea that Macbeth wants to forget his experience and get it off his chest as quickly as possible. A good example is when Macbeth is again talk of the town about the two grooms, That they did wake each other I stood and heard them but they did say their prayers, and turn to them again to peace.What Macbeth says next can also tell us much about his inner feelings. He does not respond to Lady Macbeths remark There are two lodged together, but instead carries on as if she were not there. This is a sure sign, as if it were needed, that he has been deeply impact by the prior events. He speaks in a jumbled fashion but yet his flow is uninterrupted. He refers to the Biblical terms used by the guards, G-d bless us and Amen. He then says that he could not respond to the statement G-d bless us with the traditional Amen. This is probably because, looking at his blood soaked hands and thinking about what he has done he feels that he has badly dishonoured his organized religion Muddling his sentences, once more reveals the volatile state of his mind and his inability to think straight.Obsessed with the betrayal of his religion, he continues to talk about his inability to say Amen. He also mentions, I had most need of blessing. Here, Macbeth must be thinking about what will happen to him in the afterlife and whether he will be eternally damned for his actions.Macbeth then carries on to talk about catnap. He tells us that sleep is innocent, hinting that whilst he is asleep, he does not feel the guilt of whatever cruel actions he has taken during the day. He says that sleeps is great natures second course, referring to his life as a meal and saying that his innocent sleep is the best course. Then his words take on a dark tone. Again, completely ignoring what Lady Macbeth has said, he carries on in an entranced state.He says Macbeth does murder sleep Glamis hath murderd sleep, and therefore Cawdor Shall sleep no more Macbeth shall sleep no more. The fact that he can no longer scat to his innocent sleep because Cawdor and Glamis (he does not mention his own name or talk in the first person, probably through guilt) have murdered it evidently disturbs Macbeth. In my opinion, Shakespeare uses makes Macbeth say Cawdor and Glamis to remind the audience of the conditional relation of the prophecy by the witches to the plot of the play and specifically the murder.Finally, the audience are shown that Macbeth is broken and hysterical. Macbeth has given up and is reluctant to carry on. Ill go on no more I am alarmed to think what I have done. Macbeth believes that he cannot carry on through fear of being ascertained and that he would be constantly reminded of this great sin.This scene reiterates to the audience Macbeths insanity and shows us many of his emotions that we have already seen such. However, we see yet another side to Macbeths persona in the form of his religiousness. The audience is now confronted with someone who initially was the archetypal hero, but now is the complete antithesis. During the play the audienc e have seen his rationality and his insanity, his treachery and honour and both his bravery and cowardice. Now furthermore, we see his spirituality. Again, the audience cannot serve but be bemused about who the real Macbeth is and at this point in the play, which signals Macbeths psychological demise, this serves a brilliant dramatic purpose in that the audience really do not know what to previse next.The final act regards Macbeths demise. After hearing that Macbeth has murdered his entire family, Macduff (who has had his doubts about Macbeth ever since the murder of Duncan) joins forces with Prince Malcolm (Duncans son who fled to England after hearing of his fathers death).Meanwhile, Macbeth has visited the witches again paranoid of Macduffs gainsay to his crown. They told him that he has nothing to worry to about for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth and that he was all right until Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane shall come against him.At the beginning of Act 5 Scen e 3, Macduff is already advancing on Macbeth. Macbeth seems confident and he insists, bring me no more reports let them fly all. He is obviously not worried, however desperate the situation may seem because he truly believes that what the witches have told him is true. Shakespeare is possibly hinting this when he uses the word fly which has connotations of witchcraft.We are then reminded of Macbeths valiant side we were told about at the beginning of the play. He shows fearlessness by describing his servant as a cream-typefaced loon, meaning that he is pale faced and fearful. Macbeth therefore tells the servant to prick thy face, and over-red thy fear. Here telling him to cut himself and cover his face with the blood to look less pale. The Macbeth speaking now able to talk about subjects like shake off blood and feels no need to replace such words with euphemisms. This could be a sign that either Macbeth has lost all the guilt and remorse for his past murders, or that he is complet ely insane and no longer has any humanity left. We see flashes of this valiant Macbeth throughout the act. An example of this is when he says Ill fight, till from my bones my flesh be hacked.Macbeth is then greeted with the news that in the words of his messenger The wood began to move He wonders whether the witches have deceived him, and he sets out fighting even though it may be in vain. He crosses Siwards son. Macbeth is very arrogant about his clash with Siwards son, because the witches predictions have proved ready so far, and they have told him not to fear any human born of a woman. Siwards news asks him his name, and as if a man assured of victory he replies Thoult be afraid to hear it. He finally answers My names Macbeth, this short phrase shows how self-assured Macbeth is. It also carries alliteration when spoken. The booking concludes with Siwards Sons death.Macbeth makes a speech in soliloquy after killing Siward, But swords I smile at, weapons laugh to scorn, Brandi shed by man thats of a woman born. The rhyming duo gives his image a boost by convincing the audience that he is invincible. He assures himself that he has power and control over fate.When Macbeth meets Macduff, he tries to take the same tone as with Siwards Son. He tells Macduff that I bear a charmed life, which must not yield To one of woman born Macduff replies desperation thy charm Macduff was from his mothers womb Untimely rippd. At this Macbeth is clearly startled and he curses the witches objective them of being juggling fiends, because they have tricked him through juggling their words.When Macbeth accepts Macduffs challenge, even though he knows the end is near, the valiant and honourable side of his character shines through again. Macduff calls Macbeth a coward and tells him to yield. Possibly in one final maniac act of desperation he accepts the challenge and does not yield. He says that he cannot be dishonoured, to osculate the ground before young Malcolms feet. This is very clever as it uses distinct imagery that is easy to relate to. He goes on to say I will not yield to be baited with the routs curse, saying that if he yields even common people will tease him. He goes forth to battle with Macduff and is killed.Shakespeares Macbeth is on of the classic tragic figures in literary history. He personifies a mans corruption as a result of power. From our initial view of him, as what can only be described as a hero, we see him fall into an abyss of mental derangement and eventually insanity. Shakespeare investigates many ideas such as, things not being as they seem, feminine influence and the overall result of regicide. He uses many cleverly crafted semantic fields such as clothes (why do you dress mein borrowd robes) and a mans face (Theres daggers in mens smiles). These all work as clever imagery to further decoy the audience.Apart from being a tragic hero, Macbeth is also one of the most complicated of all of Shakespeares characters. He goes through almost every emotion that we have a word for, and his feelings always contradict. introductory we think he is a fearless warrior, and then we see him bullied by his heartless wife. This serves a vivid dramatic purpose for Shakespeare as the audience are never sure what to think or what to hold next. The conclude, the play Macbeth is undoubtedly one of Shakespeares greatest masterpieces and is a timeless piece of theatre with its core, being the dramatic enigma that it the character, Macbeth.