Salient features of Martin Luther King Jr’s famous speech, “I have a dream”

This essay describes the salient features of Martin Luther King Jr’s famous speech, â€Å" I have a dream†. It concentrates on reasons which contributed to making it so famous. This speech had many salient features which have made it so famous and acceptable to the audience. These are : Structure : The speech is very well structured. King first builds a base for his arguments, by saying that the demands that follow in his speech were guaranteed to the black Negroes long back.He then alleges that the American government nd the white people have not complied with these rights given to blacks. He then injects courage into the minds of the black audience, by using a special force known as ‘ repetition’. He repeats, â€Å" It is my dream that †, many times, and actually succeeds in forcing the minds of black audience to ‘ see’ that dream with him. Force : One more effective element in this speech is the invisible force behind it. The words ar e very strong, and the style is direct. A very direct attack is launched on the American government.The miserable torture that the blacks were undergoing is reported in a very direct, face to fact style. Nothing is indirect or implied. This force is more evident when he paints the picture of his vision of life of the Negroes in future. There is no rhetoric, no sarcasm. This adds the necessary force in the speech, which captivates the audience. Continuity : This is the third impressive feature. The three main parts of the speech, namely, the violation of promise, present condition of Negroes and his uture dream for the Negroes, are interwoven without any pause in between. The switch-over from one part to another part is very natural and automatic. This helps in binding the audience to the speech, till the end.Good use of linguistic tools : This speech uses tools offered by English language in a wonderful way. Many aspects are presented in a metaphoric way, to make the meaning very cl ear and leave no doubt in the minds of audience. The most distinct metaphor is comparing the failure of American government to keep ts promise towards the black Negroes, to a check returned by a bank, citing insufficient funds as a reason. Another impressive metaphor is his comparing the present status of Mississippi as ‘ sweltering with the heat of injustice’, while his dream compares the same Mississippi to an ‘ Oasis of freedom and justice †. His linguistic style is very picturesque, and that is what impresses the audience.For example, â€Å" On the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together on the table of rotherhood †. He communicates too many things in sentences which draw a picture in the minds of the audience. The sentences of this speech are seldom long, and never, very long. It is full of short, meaningful sentences. This is another example of excellent use of languag e. Non violence : Martin Luther King has strongly advocated non violence means as a tool for the fight towards freedom. Memories of the brutalities of world war II ( world war II ) and the success of non violence ( Mahatma Gandhi ) as a tool to ring political changes in India, were still afresh in the minds of people.This concept was immediately embraced in America also. Inclusion of specific instruction to fight in a non violent way, made his speech more effective and more acceptable. National flavor : Martin Luther King talks of each and every corner of the nation, by naming it. This adds a national dimension to his speech. There is hardly any region which he has not included in his speech. This helps in making a very wide, national impact.The TV audience : The TV audience must have also been mesmerized by the huge number of people which had gathered at Lincoln Memorial grounds on that day. It compromised of whites also. Inclusion of white people must have made a positive impact i n favor of King’s demands, in the minds of TV audience. The erect posture of King, coupled with oozing self confidence must have boosted the spirits of all listeners and spectators. â€Å" I have a dream â€Å", is a great speech even for all times in future !!

Imagery in One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest Essays

Imagery in One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest Essays Imagery in One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest Paper Imagery in One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest Paper The Image of Insanity In a world of technology and cities of massive population, in which strangers abound and close relationships are limited, society itself appears to be one large, emotionless machine, chi guying along with no care whatsoever for the individuals that make up the huge entity. A proponent of rebellion against conformity himself, Ken Keyes expresses his views on the demutualization of society in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest through vivid imagery. More than a novel about the struggles of the individual characters or a representation of the dilemma of insane versus sane, One Flew is a statement about the cause f insanity. Through the imagery in Chief Bromides narration, Keyes reveals that the demutualization and conformity Of society is the true cause Of insanity. The patients of the mental hospital are constantly seen as an entity separate from the rest of society. The ward is isolated, and initially the only mention of the outside world is in a figurative sense. The Public Relation man and the women who he takes on tours of the hospital and the entrance of Big Nurse from the outside both reveal that the world continues moving outside, but Chief can see out the windows for the first half of the novel. Because Nurse Ratchet must unlock the door to enter, it gives the ward a further feeling of separation from the rest of society. This distinct difference marks the reason that these men are in the ward to begin with: they do not fit in to their roles in society. As Harding says to McCarthy at one point, All of us in here are rabbits of varying ages and degrees, hippy-hopping through our Walt Disney world. Oh, dont misunderstand me, iv?re not in here because were rabbits Were all here because we can adjust to our arbitrator (Keyes 61 Here Harding is revealing both the separation between the ward and the rest f the world, and that the reason the patients are in the ward to begin with is that they cant integrate With society properly. A common vein of Keyess works is the alienated and nonconformist individuals, who attempt To overcome their limitations and to retain their sanity (Ken Keyes). In One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, the nonconformists are already labeled insane and are struggling to find a place and retain some sense of individuality while the Combine attempts to turn them into effective parts of society. Nurse Ratchet is the face of the Combine in this endeavor, a perfect representative f a standardized, conformist, correct outside world, whose elemental desire is to protect itself against non-conformity or incorrectness (Wieldier). In this strictly regimented world of the ward the nonconformist patients have already given up for the most part, and the only thing preventing them from becoming just another part Of society is their own personalities, which are seemingly out of control. Into this attempt to make the patients fit into conventional society, where Ratchet is trying to build A little world Inside that is a made-to-scale prototype of the big world Outside (Keyes 48-49), tepees McCarthy, the embodiment of individuality and nonconformity. McCarthy is the architect of the patients rebellion against Big Nurse Ratchet and the obedient and unquestioning society she represents. He begins the fight against Big Nurses mechanized world. McCarthy represents individuality and self-reliance. He is the wild-west good guy who is a figure of the untamed natural world itself (Swallowing 124-125). In contrast, the Combine and society are euthanized, described in very mechanical terms. The term Combine itself implies the mechanical nature. The unification of society as one, the combining every person into one mass, without any identification of the individual, and also a combine, or a harvester, a machine that gathers crops, or in this case, people. According to Broaden, the bastards who work for the Combine Slip one of their machines in on you (Keyes 12). He also describes a nighttime scene in which the dorm sinks down into the basement where robot-like workers move in repetitive motions in a furnace-like room, and a patient named Plastic is hooked by his heel and treated like a side of meat (78-81 In these Ways the Combine harvests the people who cannot fit in with the structure and rules of society. Everything about the ward is described in a mechanical way. The imagery rev eals that this made-to-scale copy of the Outside has become completely euthanized. All of the workers, and especially Big Nurse, appear robotic. She carries wheels and gears, needles, pliers and copper wire (10) and makes precise, always calculated movements and gestures. Even her facial expressions are calculated and cold. The imagery of the black boys is slightly more humankind, as they are described as having emotions, but the Hum of lack machinery, humming hate and death and other hospital secrets (10) still provides mechanical imagery. Even the ward itself is managed in a strict manner, with a very repetitive routine. As Tanner describes, The phantom machines Broaden describes in the walls and in the people are part of a significant pattern of imagery used to develop the central theme concerning technological manipulation (22). Titles like Vegetables, Wheelers, Chronics, Acutest, and even the black boys are another sign of how the ward suppresses individuality and dehumidifies the patients in order to mold hem into proper members of society, because society itself is euthanized. Therefore, Macarthur first acts of rebellion occur when he first enters the ward. He goes against procedure by refusing to shower, and then he crosses the line between the segregated groups. Despite [knowing] right away hes not a Chronic (Keyes 22), he goes around the room and shakes the hands of not only the Acutest, but also the Chronics and even the Vegetables. As unconsciously as this he begins his rebellion against the ward, against the Combine, and against accepted society. As the representative Of individuality, McCarthy is the key fighter in the small scale war. Far from being euthanized, the imagery Keyes uses to portray McCarthy is very natural, rough and untamed. Beat up and rough, with a palm that was callused, and the calluses were cracked, and dirt was worked into the cracks. A road map of his travels up and down the West (27), McCarthy held the spirit of untamed nature and the West, the very epitome of individual work and self-reliance. Once the Keeps imagery set the stage in the readers mind, the contrasting imagery of Machine and Nature is identified, [and] the battle lines for the entrap conflict are readily apparent (Tanner 28). The patients rebellion progresses the conflict between nature and euthanized society. [T]he symbolic rebellion of these characters is transformed into a full-scale political protest directed specifically at the existing power structure (Lieberman). This existing structure being the mechanized, technological society represented by the Combine. Keyes was using the attitude of his time period to add to the realization that One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest was a parallel to the events of the real world. He gave he readers something more to think about, critiquing an American society that was portrayed in the serious media of the sass as consisting of a lonely crowd Of organization men, Offered affluence only if willing to pay the price Of conformity (Tanner 18). It was the distressed and tense feelings that were prevalent in this style of society that led to the activism and rebellion of the sis (Ken Kef). As a representation of that rebellious attitude, One Flew utilizes the same tensions and mind-sets to promote the patients rebellion. Although the rebellion starts off with a somewhat political appearance, including the sit-down strike that the men go on when Ratchet, despite us poised encouraging a democratic-style ward, refuses to let them watch the World Series despite having voted to be able to (Keyes 127-128), as it continues, it becomes associated with nature in some ways as well. As the exact opposite of machinery and technology, nature became the sign of the patients successes in the covert war. As the rebellion scene most associated with nature, the fishing trip that McCarthy organized for the patients represented the peak of their success. In fighting standardized society, the men are fighting the very thing which isolated them and cast them aside. Because they could not or would not conform, they were sometimes driven or sometimes simply labeled as insane. The machines and other images he sees are the product of [his] fear- distorted imagination Fear, paranoia, weakness, and disorientation from nature (Tanner 27). In some ways the patients of the mental hospital are no less sane than the people out of it, but they are unable to adjust to the reality of society. Lieberman interprets the patients insanity in a similar way, stating that many of them are not mad at all, unless they have been unhinged by the craziness in the world at large. This logic is supported by the fact that most of the men were voluntarily committed, and it is revealed that many of them got worse within the hospital. Chief Broaden is such a character. Harding implies that it was the treatments the doctors used that actually did the most damage. He says, Ive heard that the Chief, years ago, received more than two hundred shock treatments. Imagine what this could do to a mind that was already slipping (Keyes 65). In the past, mental illnesses were often wrongly diagnosed or completely ignored, and treatment id little more than chain or cage the patient, while actual treatments often comprised of medication, electroshock therapy, or cryosurgery that could do more damage than good (Historical Context). In addition, it has been questioned whether mental hospitals dont actually cause people to appear insane or act insane in response to a bizarre setting (Hornlike 113). Keyes, along with many other modern writers, presents madness more as a moral condition that stands as an indictment of modern society, simply a product of social corruption (Lieberman). As McCarthy says, You boys dont kook so crazy to me' (Keyes 22). Although a large percentage of the patients clearly have some mental problems, he sees some issues as being simply a part of being human, and therefore imperfect. To him insanity is not an explanation of anything A dead-end label, an excuse. To be crazy is not to be without sense (Hornlike 114). Even some Of the more insane men seem to have a deep meaning behind their insanity. During a dream-like sequence, Broaden comes across Colonel Matters, a Chronic patient who makes bizarre metaphors such as Mexico is The wall-nut, and Broaden alkalizes Hes been saying this sort of thing for the whole six years hes been here, but never paid him any mind, figured he Didnt make a lick of sense. Now, at last, I see what hes saying (Keyes 120). As Broaden explains, the man was making his own sort of sense, even if no one else understood. McCarthy also understands this type of logic, and teaches the inmates of the insane asylum to create their own truths (Pick), which is, in a way, what Broaden has done in his creation of the mechanical underworld that no one else can see. The relationship between nature and machinery in the conflict f the rebellion also reveals the affects that the demutualization of society has on people. There is a correlation throughout the novel between the imagery used (mechanical or natural) and the mental health of the patients, and especially the Chief. Although it is hard to pinpoint a time where Chief can be declared completely sane, his perception of reality definitely improves throughout the novel. He continues to think of things in terms of the Combine and the machines, but he no longer sees things that arent really there, he is just interpreting what he sees in strange ways. His improvement can be edged by the imagery he presents in his narration. The first event that reveals his improvement is when the fog machine supposedly breaks. Before this the fog was almost a defense mechanism for Broaden, one he used to shield himself from other people and from reality. When McCarthy argues with Big Nurse about watching the World Series, the fog rolls in heavy and surrounds Broaden, but one of the things he sees in the fog is his father, who he tends to associate with nature because his childhood was surrounded by the natural world. After this, Chief continues through a dream-sequence tit the fog all around, but when McCarthy calls for a vote, he manages to push through the fog and raise his hand, connecting him back to reality. This meeting supposedly causes the fog machine to break, and Broaden remains in touch with his own version of reality for quite some time after this. The next big step for Broaden is when he wakes up to reality in the middle of the night, walks to the window, and is actually able to see outside. Here he begins to recapture some of his former feelings about nature (Madden 1 55), but the power of the machine is reinforced when a dog he sees is run over by car in the same scene. Despite this reminder, the Chief continues to regain his sanity. He begins to remember more of his childhood memories, most of which are associated with nature (Madden 155-156). In this way, the more he sees and remembers nature, and the more vivid his imagery of nature is, the more sane he is, as well. In contrast to Broaden, McCarthy begins to lose touch with nature and, eventually, with sanity. He enters the novel and the hospital bigger than life and restores the inmates power, [but] ends as a clockwork version Of his former self* (Pick). At the end of the novel, just before Broaden executes him and then escapes, McCarthy is described as a crummy sideshow fake (270), by the patients who dont believe he could ever become less than the Wild West style hero he was to them. His face is empty, like a dummy. He has finally been caught and euthanized by the Combine. After killing the fake McCarthy, Broaden escapes from the hospital by tearing out a control panel and tossing it through the safety-glass window. He heard the wires and connections tearing out of the floor. The glass splashed out in the moon, like a bright cold water baptizing the sleeping art (Keyes 271-272). This imagery shows nature escaping from the machine, just as Broaden is finally escaping from the control of the Combine. He is finally able to get away and reaffirm his connection with nature, and by doing so he IS able to reinforce his recovered sanity. The fact that his escape from depredations and euthanized society is so closely linked with his sanity confirms Keyes belief that society causes insanity. Keyes uses imagery through One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest to present to the reader the idea that the focus on technology, machinery and diversification in our society s associated with insanity, while nature is, in contrast, connected to sanity.

How to Advertise an Event in College

How to Advertise an Event in College College campuses are legendary for the high number of programs that take place on campus every day. Whether its an internationally acclaimed speaker or a local film screening, theres nearly always something happening on campus. If youre the one planning an event, however, you know that getting people to come can be as much of a challenge as coordinating the program itself. So just how can you advertise your event in a way that inspires people to attend? Answer the Basics: Who, What, When, Where, and Why You could spend hours painting a poster advertising your event ... but if you forget to write down what date the program is, youll feel like a chump. Consequently, make sure the basic information is available on each and every piece of advertising you put out. Who is going to be at the event, and who is sponsoring it (or otherwise putting it on)? What will happen at the event, and what can attendees expect? When is the event? (Side note: Its helpful to write both the day and the date. Writing Tuesday, October 6th can make sure everyone is clear about when the event is happening.) How long will it last? Where is the event? Do people need to RSVP or buy tickets in advance? If so, how and where? And most important, why will people want to attend? What will they learn/experience/take away/gain from going? What will they miss out on if they dont go? Know the Best Places to Advertise Is social media big on your campus? Do people read emails announcing events or just delete them? Is the newspaper a good place to put an ad? Will a poster in the quad catch peoples attention, or will it just get lost amidst a sea of butcher paper? Know what will stand out on your campus and get creative. Know Your Audience If youre advertising something thats, for example, political in nature, make sure you reach out to people on campus who are more likely to be politically involved or interested. When youre planning a political event, posting a flyer in the politics department might be a particularly smart idea even if youre not posting flyers in any other academic department. Go to meetings of student clubs and talk to other student leaders to promote your program, too, so that you can personally get the word out and answer any questions people might have. Advertise Food if Youre Going to Have it Available Its no secret that providing food at a college event can drastically increase attendance. Having food, of course, can be a definite draw but it isnt an absolute necessity. If you are providing food, make sure its done in a way that encourages people to stay for the whole event and not just sneak in and grab a slice of pizza from the back of the room. You want event attendees, after all, not just moochers. Find Other Student Groups to Cosponsor Your Event Theres a pretty direct correlation between the number of people who know about your program and the number of people who show up. Consequently, if you can work with other student groups in the planning, you can outreach directly to each groups members. On many campuses, too, cosponsorship can lead to increased funding opportunities meaning youll have more resources to promote and advertise your event. Let Your Professors Know While it can be scary to figure out how to talk to your professors, its usually just fine once you try it. Remember: Faculty members were college students at one point, too! Theyll likely find your program interesting and may even advertise it in their other classes. They can also mention it to other professors and help get the word around. Let Administrators Know The hall director in your residence hall may know you by name, but she may not know that youre super involved in a certain club and planning a major event next week. Drop by and let her know whats going on so she can let other residents know when she interacts with them, too. You likely interact with lots of administrators throughout the day; feel free to promote your program to them (and anyone else who will listen) as much as possible!

Fall of the soviet union Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fall of the soviet union - Research Paper Example b. In 1985, Saudi Arabia refuses to support international oil-price. As a result, oil-production increased high, but oil-price fell. Consequently, the Soviets lost 20 billion dollars annually. c. So, the Soviets were forced to loan heavily from 1985-1988 and finally, soviet economy completely stalled. II. The economic crisis of Soviet Union, one of the main reasons of soviet downfall, began long before the fall of oil-price in international market. a. The agriculture policy, adopted by the Soviet authority in 1920s played a disastrous role in the country’s production sector. b. In international market, the Soviet Union turned into the largest grain-importer from the largest exporter of grains in the 1980s. c. Also the huge expenditure in the Afghan War pushed the country towards bankruptcy. III. Reagan Doctrine also played a crucial role in the downfall of the Soviet Union. The Reagan Government created effective defense against the communist expansionism in different countrie s of the world by providing the anti-communists with military and moral help. a. The Reagan Government provided military-support to the Taliban in Afghanistan. b. Also by creating a successful defense, it rather accelerated the fall of the Soviet Union by increasing the expenditure on the Soviet’s part. ... l of the Soviet Union Name Course Tutor Date Introduction The fall of the Soviet Union was essentially the result of the combined interaction of a number of factors such collapse of domestic economy, defeating situation in Afghanistan, growing resentment against communism at home and abroad, the United States’ confrontation against the communist expansion, etc. During the first half of the 1980s, the soviet economy began to face increasingly the economic crisis which put the soviet leaders in urgent necessity to deploy more troops in Afghanistan in order to reach the shore of the Indian Ocean. But fortunately Reagan Presidency in the White was far-sighted enough to build a line of confrontation in Afghanistan using the Taliban Militants.1 The situation in the 19980s for the Soviet leaders was somewhat like a dilemma. On one hand, they needed more economic resources to survive. The more they fed the gigantic soviet Army at abroad at the expense of domestic development and econo mic growth, the faster the domestic economy collapsed. Moreover, the Reagan Presidency was successful enough to grow a diplomatic defense in the Middle Eastern countries. As a result, around the middle of the 1980s, the Soviet troops gained popularity as an invading force, whereas the United States emerged as a pro-liberation power at home and abroad. Subsequently, in September 13, 1985, Saudi Arabian Government declared that it would, no longer, support the oil-prices. As a result, oil-depended soviet-export sector began to fall head down, losing $20 billion dollars annually, in the beginning of 1986.2 Indeed the subsequent soviet steps to prop up domestic economy were not effective enough to rescue the country from the oncoming bankruptcy, in 1989, made the collapse of the regime inevitable.

Why the musliem girls wear scarf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why the musliem girls wear scarf - Essay Example Similarly, there are many cultural, religious, and personal reasons that make a Muslim girl wear a hijab. There are different types of headscarves in the Islamic culture. Hijab is the general word used to refer to the headscarf, veil, or the verb to cover (Aldridge 15). It also describes a veil that covers the neck and the hair but leaves the face open. The Niqab veils the head and the face leaving the eyes uncovered and is adorned alongside an abaya, which is a loose black garment, the covers from the head to the feet. The Burka is a veil that covers up the woman’s body as a whole including the eyes; one sees through a grille or mesh window put across the face (Aldridge 15). The Dupatta is a commonly used by people in south Asia (Aldridge 16). Is consists of a long loose scarf draping across the head and shoulders worn with other matching clothes. Finally, the chador is common among Iranian women. It is full length cloak which covers the woman’s head and body and is held closed at its front by the woman’s hands (Aldridge 17). Religion is the main reason cited as a reason for Muslim girls wearing a hijab. The Quran talks extensively about the requirement of a woman to wear a headscarf. In Surah 24 verses 30 t0 31, Prophet Muhammad informs women that God ordered them to wear a headscarf. The message is similar in Surah 33 verse 59 (Rodwell 86). According to the Quran, Muhammad says that a veil maintains a woman modesty, which is God’s, will. The main argument against the veil is that modesty can be upheld in many different ways. For some people modesty entails wearing loose clothing, which does not enhance or flaunt their body parts. In other people’s opinion, modesty simply entails not wearing skirts that are above the knees or clothes that show ones belly button. People that question wearing the hijab based on the definition of modesty need to realize that the Quran provides and

Morphology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Morphology - Assignment Example In Arabic the future tense is formed by adding the prefix ‘sa’ to the imperfect verb, ie. sa + ya’kulu â€Å"He will eat†. b) infixation: a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme is added within a stem or root word. An affix is added within a root word and forms a new word with a different meaning. Although English utilizes many prefixes and suffixes it does not evidence infixes except in slang wherein a curse word may be inserted, ie. ‘abso +bloomin + lutely’ . Evidence of infixes: Siouan cheti ‘to build a fire’ – che + wa – ti ‘I build a fire and shuta ‘to miss’ – shu + un + ta ‘we miss’ (Sapir, 2004, p. 57) c) compounding: a morphological process whereby two or more free lexemes are combined to form a new word. Each lexeme can function in its own right and can be attributed to any lexical category. English uses lexemes from many different lexical categories to form numerous different English compounds, ie. ‘cross + roads’ (N + N), ‘over + dose’ (Prep + N), ‘stir + fry’ (V + V). ... ‘present’, ‘conflict’, ‘insult’; a very productive process in English (McIntyre, 2000) Question 2: a) total reduplication: any linguistic unit, ie. phoneme, word, phrase, clause, utterance or morpheme that is repeated in total, ie. ‘bye-bye’ (childish way of saying goodbye) – both grammatically and semantically important; generally categorized as either at the semantic/content level or the expression level, ie. Kashmiri: ‘shur’ shur’ ‘children children’ (expression level for emphasis (optional)), ‘jaan jaan’ ‘good good’ (expression level for plurality (obligatory)), ‘vuzIvuzI’ ‘desire’ (semantic level), ‘tharItharI’ ‘trembling’ (semantic level) (Koul, 1977). b) partial duplication: a form that is repeated in part as in ‘helter-skelter’, or ‘teenie- weenie’; Malay: reduplication indicates a à ¢â‚¬Ëœcontinuous process and the progressive form† (Nadarajan, p.42) by reduplicating the base after adding a prefix ‘ber’, ie. (ber) + base + root as in ‘ketuk’ ‘peck, ‘ber +ketuk’ ‘to peck’, ‘ber + ketuk + ketuk’ ‘keeps pecking / is pecking / pecks’ (Nadarajan, p.42). c) coordinative compound: when words have more than one (usually two) lexemes that have equal standing as in ‘bitter-sweet’; a compound is coordinate when it comprises two elements from the same lexical category and are co-hyponyms (Renner, 2008); English coordinate compounds include N + N ‘hunter + gatherer’, Adj + Adj ‘manic + depressive’ and V + V ‘sleep + walk’ (Renner, 2008) d) derivation: a morphological process whereby a derivational suffix is added that changes the meaning of the word and the word class as in ‘act + ion’, ‘cheer + ful + ness’, or when a prefix is added and only the

Battle Over Water For Farmers Or Wild Fish In Southern Oregon Essay

Battle Over Water For Farmers Or Wild Fish In Southern Oregon - Essay Example Sides of the Oregon Crisis However in 2001, the Indian tribes, federal wildlife managers and environmentalist all came forth with conflicting claims to Klamath basin’s water, culminating in a fierce battle for water. The crisis began in the spring of 2001 when the National Marine and Fisheries as well as America’s â€Å"Fish and Wildlife Service† demanded that the Bureau of Reclamation, the agency in charge of water distribution from Klamath Reclamation Project, should cut off water supply to farmers so that the basin’s water could stay upstream to sustain the shortnose suckerfish and Lost River fish (Anderson, 2002). Following the cut off, infuriated farmers began to demand that the canals be opened to release water into their farmlands. Bowing to pressure, the Bureau of Reclamation went ahead and released water into farms (Becker, 1999). The crisis took another complicated turn in 2002 owing to three notable events; Firstly, in February 2002, the National Academy Of sciences released a report asserting lack of reliable premise for cutting off water to farmers in 2001 in order to sustain the habitat of endangered species† (Meiners & Shaw, 2003). Secondly, in the summer of 2002, there was an increase in water demand that exceeded the supply. And thirdly, the Bureau for Reclamation was still under pressure from farmers not to cut off their supply.